Attachment 21158 Details for Bug 37121 – chapter.sgml.diff

[patch] chapter.sgml.diff

chapter.sgml.diff (text/plain), 10.96 KB, created by andrew on 2002-04-16 02:50:02 UTC

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Created: 2002-04-16 02:50:02 UTC

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>--- chapter.sgml.orig	Thu Feb 14 22:30:59 2002
>+++ chapter.sgml	Tue Apr 16 02:29:56 2002
>@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@
>       <listitem><para>How to block spammers from illegally using your
>       mail server as a relay.</para>
>       </listitem>
>+      <listitem><para>How to replace <application>sendmail</application>
>+      as your system's default mailer.</para>
>+      </listitem>
>       <listitem><para>How to troubleshoot common mail server
>       problems.</para></listitem>
>     </itemizedlist>
>@@ -406,22 +409,7 @@
>     restarted for it to read the changes.</para>
>     
>   </sect2>
>-  <sect2>
>-    <title><filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename></title>
> 
>-    <para>The <filename>mailer.conf</filename> configuration file
>-      holds a table containing the real mailer that is used for the
>-      given action.  Very old software programs would hard-code in the
>-      name and path to the mailer,
>-      <filename>/usr/sbin/sendmail</filename>, which meant they where
>-      incompatible with other mailers such as postfix.  Today,
>-      <filename>/usr/sbin/sendmail</filename> is a wrapper that looks
>-      at <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> and executes the
>-      correct binary.  When another mail transfer agent is installed
>-      on the system, <filename>mailer.conf</filename> should be
>-      updated to reflect the correct programs to execute.</para>
>-
>-  </sect2>
>   <sect2>
>     <title><filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename></title>
> 
>@@ -475,6 +463,225 @@
> 
>   </sect2>
>   </sect1>
>+
>+  <sect1 id="mail-changingmta">
>+    <sect1info>
>+      <authorgroup>
>+        <author>
>+          <firstname>Andrew</firstname>
>+          <surname>Boothman</surname>
>+          <contrib>Written by </contrib>
>+        </author>
>+      </authorgroup>
>+      <authorgroup>
>+        <author>
>+          <firstname>Gregory</firstname>
>+          <surname>Neil Shapiro</surname>
>+          <contrib>Information taken from e-mails written by </contrib>
>+        </author>
>+      </authorgroup>
>+    </sect1info>
>+    <title>Changing your MTA</title>
>+    <indexterm>
>+      <primary>email</primary>
>+      <secondary>change mta</secondary>
>+    </indexterm>
>+    
>+    <para>As already mentioned, FreeBSD comes with 
>+     <application>sendmail</application> already installed as your 
>+     MTA (Mail Transfer Agent).  Therefore by default it is 
>+     in charge of your outgoing and incoming mail.</para>
>+
>+    <para>However, for a variety of reasons, some system 
>+     administrators want to change their system's MTA.  These 
>+     reasons range from simply wanting to try out another MTA to 
>+     needing a specific feature or package which relies on another
>+     mailer.  Fortunately, whatever the reason, FreeBSD makes it 
>+     easy to make the change.</para>
>+
>+    <sect2>
>+      <title>Install new MTA</title>
>+
>+      <para>You have a wide choice of MTAs available to you.  A good 
>+       starting point is the 
>+       <link linkend="ports">FreeBSD Ports Collection</link> where
>+       you will be able to find many.  Of course you are free to use 
>+       any MTA you want from any location, as long as you can make 
>+       it run under FreeBSD.</para>
>+
>+      <para>Start by installing your new MTA.  Once it is installed 
>+       it gives you a chance to decide if it really fulfills your 
>+       needs, and also gives you the opportunity to configure your 
>+       new software before getting it to take over from 
>+       <application>sendmail</application>.  When doing this, you 
>+       should insure that installing the new software won't attempt 
>+       to overwrite system binaries such as
>+       <filename>/usr/bin/sendmail</filename>.  Otherwise, your new 
>+       mail software has essentially been put into service before 
>+       you have configured it.</para>
>+
>+      <para>Please refer to your chosen MTA's documentation for 
>+       information on how to configure the software you have 
>+       chosen.</para>
>+    </sect2>
>+
>+    <sect2>
>+      <title>Disable <application>sendmail</application></title>
>+
>+      <para>The procedure used to start 
>+       <application>sendmail</application> changed significantly 
>+       between 4.5-RELEASE and 4.6-RELEASE.  Therefore, the procedure 
>+       used to disable it is subtly different.</para>
>+      <sect3>
>+        <title>FreeBSD 4.5-STABLE before 2002/4/4 and earlier 
>+         (including 4.5-RELEASE and earlier)</title>
>+
>+        <para>Enter 
>+         <programlisting>sendmail_enable="NO"</programlisting> into
>+         <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  This will disable 
>+         <application>sendmail</application>'s incoming mail service, 
>+         but if <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> (see below)
>+         is not changed, <application>sendmail</application> will 
>+         still be used to send e-mail.</para>
>+      </sect3>
>+
>+      <sect3>
>+        <title>FreeBSD 4.5-STABLE after 2002/4/4 
>+         (including 4.6-RELEASE and later)</title>
>+
>+        <para>In order to completely disable 
>+         <application>sendmail</application> you must use 
>+         <programlisting>sendmail_enable="NONE"</programlisting> in 
>+         <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename></para>
>+        
>+        <warning>
>+          <para>If you disable <application>sendmail</application>'s 
>+           outgoing mail service in this way, it is important that you 
>+           replace it with a fully working alternative mail delivery 
>+           system.  If you choose not to, system functions such as 
>+           &man.periodic.8 will be unable to deliver their results by 
>+           e-mail as they would normally expect to.  Many parts of your 
>+           system may expect to have a functional 
>+           <application>sendmail</application>-compatible system.  If 
>+           applications continue to use 
>+           <application>sendmail</application>'s binaries to try and send 
>+           e-mail after you have disabled it, the mail may transparently 
>+           queue forever.</para>
>+        </warning>
>+
>+        <para>If you only want to disable 
>+         <application>sendmail</application>'s incoming mail service, 
>+         you should set 
>+         <programlisting>sendmail_enable="NO"</programlisting> in 
>+         <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.  More information on 
>+         <application>sendmail</application>'s startup options is 
>+         available from the &man.rc.sendmail.8 manual page.</para>
>+      </sect3>
>+    
>+    <sect2>
>+      <title>Running your new MTA on boot</title>
>+      
>+      <para>You may have a choice of two methods for running your 
>+       new MTA on boot, again depending on what version of FreeBSD 
>+       you are running.</para>
>+
>+      <sect3>
>+        <title>FreeBSD 4.5-STABLE before 2002/4/11 
>+         (including 4.5-RELEASE and earlier)</title>
>+
>+        <para>Add a script into 
>+         <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/</filename> that
>+         ends in <filename>.sh</filename> and is executable by 
>+         root.  The script should also accept the parameters 'start' 
>+         or 'stop'.  So that you could, for example, execute 
>+         <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/supermailer.sh start</filename>
>+         or <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/supermailer.sh stop</filename>.  
>+         The system will call your script using 'start' when the it 
>+         boots and using 'stop' when the it shuts down.</para>
>+         
>+      </sect3>
>+
>+      <sect3>
>+        <title>FreeBSD 4.5-STABLE after 2002/4/11 
>+         (including 4.6-RELEASE and later)</title>
>+
>+        <para>With later versions of FreeBSD, you can use the 
>+         above method or you can also set 
>+         <programlisting>mta_start_script="<replaceable>filename</replaceable>"</programlisting>
>+         in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, where 
>+         <replaceable>filename</replaceable> is the name of some 
>+         script that you want executed on boot to start your 
>+         MTA.</para>
>+      </sect3>
>+
>+    </sect2>
>+
>+    <sect2>
>+      <title>Replacing <application>sendmail</application> as 
>+       the system's default mailer</title>
>+
>+      <para><application>Sendmail</application> is so ubiquitous 
>+       as standard software on Unix systems, that some software 
>+       just presumes that it is already installed and configured.  
>+       For this reason, many alternative MTA's provide utilities 
>+       that implement exactly the same command-line interface 
>+       that <application>sendmail</application> provides.</para>
>+
>+      <para>Therefore, if you are using an alternative mailer, 
>+       you will need to make sure that software trying to execute 
>+       standard <application>sendmail</application> binaries such as 
>+       <filename>/usr/bin/sendmail</filename> actually executes 
>+       your chosen mailer instead.  Fortunately, FreeBSD provides 
>+       a system called &man.mailwrapper.8 that does this job for 
>+       you.</para>
>+
>+      <para>When <application>sendmail</application> is operating as installed, you will 
>+       find something like the following
>+       in <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> : <programlisting>
>+sendmail        /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
>+send-mail	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
>+mailq		/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
>+newaliases	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
>+hoststat	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
>+purgestat	/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail</programlisting></para>
>+
>+      <para>This means that when any of these common command 
>+       are run, such as <filename>/usr/bin/sendmail</filename> 
>+       the program that is actually sitting in that location 
>+       checks <filename>mailer.conf</filename> and actually 
>+       executes <filename>/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail</filename> 
>+       instead.  This system makes it easy to change what binaries 
>+       are actually executed when these default system utilites 
>+       are run.</para>
>+
>+      <para>Therefore if you wanted 
>+       <filename>/usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat</filename>
>+       to be run instead of sendmail, you would change
>+       <filename>/etc/mail/mailer.conf</filename> to read : <programlisting>
>+sendmail        /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
>+send-mail       /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
>+mailq           /usr/local/supermailer/bin/mailq-compat
>+newaliases      /usr/local/supermailer/bin/newaliases-compat
>+hoststat        /usr/local/supermailer/bin/hoststat-compat
>+purgestat       /usr/local/supermailer/bin/purgestat-compat</programlisting>
>+       </para>
>+
>+     </sect2>
>+
>+     <sect2>
>+       <title>Finishing</title>
>+        
>+       <para>Once you have everything configured how you want it, you should
>+        either kill the <application>sendmail</application> processes that 
>+        you no longer need and start the processes belonging to your new 
>+        software.  Or you should reboot your machine.  Rebooting will also 
>+        give you the opportunity to ensure that you have correctly 
>+        configured your machine to start your new MTA on boot.</para>
>+
>+     </sect2> 
>+
>+  </sect1>
>+
>   <sect1 id="mail-trouble">
>     <title>Troubleshooting</title>
>     <indexterm>

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Attachments on bug 37121: 21158