FreeBSD Bugzilla – Attachment 244339 Details for
Bug 261349
Modernise hier(7)
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hier.7 ascii rendered
hier.txt (text/plain), 39.12 KB, created by
Alexander Ziaee
on 2023-08-25 14:19:10 UTC
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Description:
hier.7 ascii rendered
Filename:
MIME Type:
Creator:
Alexander Ziaee
Created:
2023-08-25 14:19:10 UTC
Size:
39.12 KB
patch
obsolete
>HIER(7) FreeBSD Miscellaneous Information Manual HIER(7) > >NNAAMMEE > hhiieerr - layout of FreeBSD file system hierarchy > >DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN > _/ Root directory of the file system. > > _/_C_O_P_Y_R_I_G_H_T FreeBSD copyright information. > > _/_b_i_n_/ User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi- > user environments. > > _/_b_o_o_t_/ Programs and configurations used during operating system > bootstrap: > > _d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/ Default bootstrapping configuration files; > see loader.conf(5). > _d_t_b_/ Compiled flattened device tree (FDT) > files; see fdt(4). and dtc(1). > _e_f_i_/ Mount point for EFI System Partition (ESP) > on UEFI systems. > _f_i_r_m_w_a_r_e_/ Loadable kernel modules containing binary > firmware for hardware that needs firmware > downloaded to it to function. > _f_o_n_t_s_/ Binary bitmap console fonts; see > loader.conf(5) and vtfontcvt(8). > _i_m_a_g_e_s_/ Beastie boot menu images; see > loader_lua(8). > _k_e_r_n_e_l_/ Pure kernel executable (the operating > system loaded into memory at boot time) > and kernel modules; see kldstat(8). > _k_e_r_n_e_l_._o_l_d_/ Alternative kernel and modules. > _l_o_a_d_e_r_._c_o_n_f_._d_/ loader.conf(5) Configuration files. > _l_u_a_/ Scripts for kernel bootstrapping final > stage; see loader_lua(8). > _m_o_d_u_l_e_s_/ Third-party loadable kernel modules, such > as the ones installed with pkg(8) or from > ports(7). > _z_f_s_/ ZFS zpool(8) cache files. > > _/_c_o_m_p_a_t_/ Files needed to support binary compatibility with other > operating systems: > > _l_i_n_u_x_/ Default location for linux(4) compatibility > run-time. > > _/_d_e_v_/ Device special files managed by devfs(5): > > _d_r_i_/ GPU character device node; see drm(7). > _d_r_m_/ No one knows exactly, but see above. > _f_d_/ File descriptor files; see fd(4). > _p_t_s_/ Pseduo-terminals. > _u_s_b_/ USB busses. > > _/_e_n_t_r_o_p_y Stored entropy file; see _____. > > _/_e_t_c_/ System wide configuration files and scripts: > > _a_u_t_o___m_a_s_t_e_r Autofs automount(8) configuration. > _b_l_u_e_t_o_o_t_h_/ Bluetooth configuration files. > _c_r_o_n_._d_/ Tables for driving scheduled tasks, > see crontab(5). > _c_r_o_n_t_a_b Root's cron table. > _d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/ Default system configuration files; > see rc(8). > _d_e_v_d_/ Configuration for devd(8), the device > state change daemon. > _d_e_v_f_s_._c_o_n_f Boot time device configuration. > _f_r_e_e_b_s_d_-_u_p_d_a_t_e_._c_o_n_f Configuration for the base system > updater, freebsd-update(8). > _f_s_t_a_b Static filesystem configuration; see > fstab(5). > _h_o_s_t_s Database of local hosts if no network > name server is running. > _i_n_e_t_d_._c_o_n_f Configuration for BSD heritage > internet servers; see inetd(8). > _l_o_c_a_l_t_i_m_e Local timezone information; see > ctime(3). > _m_a_c_h_i_n_e_-_i_d Defines the UUID for the local > system, required for dbus. > _m_a_i_l_/ Sendmail(8) control files. > motd.template Message displayed upon tty login; see > motd(5). > _m_t_r_e_e_/ System mapper specification; see > mtree(8). > _n_e_w_s_y_s_l_o_g_._c_o_n_f_._d_/ Log rotation configuration files. > _n_t_p_/ Stored time for the Network Time > Protocol. > _n_t_p_._c_o_n_f Configuration for the NTP client, > ntpd(8). > _p_a_m_._d_/ Configuration files for the Pluggable > Authentication Modules (PAM) library. > _p_e_r_i_o_d_i_c_/ Scripts that are run daily, weekly, > and monthly, via cron(8); see > periodic(8). > _p_f_._c_o_n_f Configuration for the Packet Filter > firewall; see pf(4.) > _r_e_s_o_l_v_._c_o_n_f DNS configuration; see > resolv.conf(5). > _r_e_s_o_l_v_c_o_n_f_._c_o_n_f DNS configuration manager > configuration, often generated by > local-unbound; see local_unbound(8) > or resolvconf(8). > _r_c_._c_o_n_f System and daemon configuration; see > rc.conf(5). > _r_c_._d_/ System and daemon startup/control > scripts; see rc(8). > _p_p_p_/ PPP configuration files; see ppp(8). > _p_k_g_/ pkg configuration files; see pkg(8). > _s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y_/ OpenBSM audit configuration files; > see audit(8). > _s_s_h_/ OpenSSH configuration files; see > ssh(1). > _s_s_l_/ OpenSSL configuration files. > _t_t_y_s tty creation configuration ; see > getty(8). > _w_p_a___s_u_p_p_l_i_c_a_n_t_._c_o_n_f Client wifi configuration; see > wpa_supplicant.conf(5). > > _/_l_i_b_/ System libraries that are critical to binaries in _/_b_i_n and > _/_s_b_i_n: > > _c_a_s_p_e_r_/ Service-specific libcasper(3) Capsicum > support libraries. > _g_e_o_m_/ Class-specific libraries for the geom(8) > utility. > _n_v_m_e_c_o_n_t_r_o_l_/ Vendor-specific libraries to extend the > nvmecontrol(8) utility. > > _/_l_i_b_e_x_e_c_/ System utilities that are critical to binaries in _/_b_i_n and > _/_s_b_i_n. > > _/_m_e_d_i_a_/ Mount points for removable storage media such as CDs, > DVDs, and USB drives; see automount(8) or bsdisks(8). > > _/_m_n_t_/ Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as > a temporary mount point. > > _/_n_e_t_/ Automounted NFS shares; see auto_master(5). > > _/_n_o_n_e_x_i_s_t_e_n_t_/ A non-existent directory; by convention, it serves as a > home directory for special user accounts that need no home > directory; see also _/_v_a_r_/_e_m_p_t_y_/. > > _/_p_r_o_c_/ Process file system; see procfs(5). > > _/_r_e_s_c_u_e_/ Statically linked programs for emergency recovery; see > rescue(8). > > _/_r_o_o_t_/ Home directory of the root user. > > _/_s_b_i_n_/ System programs and administration utilities fundamental > to both single-user and multi-user environments. > > _/_t_m_p_/ Temporary files that may be removed by rc(8); see the > _c_l_e_a_r___t_m_p___e_n_a_b_l_e _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e of rc.conf(5). > > _/_u_s_r_/ Contains the majority of base system user applications: > > _b_i_n_/ Common utilities, programming tools, and > applications. > _f_r_e_e_b_s_d_-_d_i_s_t_/ Distribution files (like base.txz); see > release(7) and bsdinstall(8). > _h_o_m_e_/ Home directories for users. > _i_n_c_l_u_d_e_/ Standard C include files: > > _a_r_p_a_/ C include files for Internet > service protocols. > _b_s_n_m_p_/ C include files for the SNMP > daemon. > _c_+_+_/ C++ include files. > _c_a_m_/ C include files for the Common > Access Methods Layer: > > _a_t_a_/ ATA device access > through CAM. > _m_m_c_/ SD/MMC device access > through CAM. > _n_v_m_e_/ Non-volatile Memory > Express device access > through CAM. > _s_c_s_i_/ SCSI device access > through CAM. > > _d_e_v_/ C include files for programming > various FreeBSD devices: > > _i_c_/ Various header files > describing driver- and > bus-independent > hardware circuits. > _o_f_w_/ Open Firmware support. > _p_b_i_o_/ 8255 PPI cards; see > pbio(4). > _p_p_b_u_s_/ Parallel port bus; see > ppbus(4). > _u_s_b_/ USB subsystem. > > _f_s_/ Libraries for dealing with > filesystems: > > _c_u_s_e_/ Userland character > devices file > system. > _d_e_v_f_s_/ Device node file > system. > _f_d_e_s_c_f_s_/ Per-process file > descriptors file > system. > _m_s_d_o_s_f_s_/ MS-DOS file system. > _n_f_s_/ C include files for > NFS (Network File > System) version 2, > 3, and 4. > _n_u_l_l_f_s_/ Loopback file > system. > _p_r_o_c_f_s_/ Process file > system. > _s_m_b_f_s_/ SMB/CIFS file > system. > _u_d_f_/ UDF file system. > _u_n_i_o_n_f_s Union file system. > > _g_e_o_m_/ GEOM framework: > > _c_o_n_c_a_t_/ CONCAT GEOM class. > _g_a_t_e_/ GATE GEOM class. > _m_i_r_r_o_r_/ MIRROR GEOM class. > _n_o_p_/ NOP GEOM class. > _r_a_i_d_3_/ RAID3 GEOM class. > _s_t_r_i_p_e_/ STRIPE GEOM class. > > _l_i_b_m_i_l_t_e_r_/ C include files for libmilter, > the sendmail(8) mail filter > API. > _m_a_c_h_i_n_e_/ Machine-specific C include > files. > _n_e_t_/ Miscellaneous network C include > files: > > _a_l_t_q_/ C include files for > alternate packet > queuing; see altq(4). > > _n_e_t_8_0_2_1_1_/ C include files for 802.11 > wireless networking; see > net80211(4). > _n_e_t_i_n_e_t_/ C include files for Internet > standard protocols; see > inet(4). > _n_e_t_i_n_e_t_6_/ C include files for Internet > protocol version 6; see > inet6(4). > _n_e_t_i_p_s_e_c_/ Kernel key-management service; > see ipsec(4). > _n_e_t_s_m_b_/ SMB/CIFS requester. > _n_f_s_/ C include files for NFS > (Network File System) version 2 > and 3 (legacy). > _o_p_e_n_s_s_l_/ OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL > toolkit) headers. > _p_r_o_t_o_c_o_l_s_/ C include files for Berkeley > service protocols. > _r_p_c_/ Remote procedure calls; see > rpc(3.) > _r_p_c_s_v_c_/ Definition of RPC service > structures; see rpc(3). > _s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y_/ PAM; see pam(3). > _s_y_s_/ System C include files (kernel > data structures). > _u_f_s_/ C include files for UFS (The U- > word File System): > > _f_f_s_/ Fast file system. > _u_f_s_/ UFS file system. > > _v_m_/ Virtual memory; see vmstat(8). > > _l_i_b_/ Shared and archive ar(1)-type libraries: > > _c_l_a_n_g_/ Shared libraries for the system > compiler, clang(1). > _c_o_m_p_a_t_/ Shared libraries for > compatibility. > _d_e_b_u_g_/ Standalone debug data for the > kernel and base system > libraries and binaries. > _d_t_r_a_c_e_/ DTrace library scripts. > _e_n_g_i_n_e_s_/ OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL > toolkit) dynamically loadable > engines. > _f_l_u_a_/ FreeBSD Lua shared libraries. > _i_1_8_n_/ Shared libraries for > internationalization. > > _l_i_b_3_2_/ 32-bit compatability libraries. > _l_i_b_d_a_t_a_/ Miscellaneous utility data files: > > _g_c_c_/ GCC configuration data. > _l_d_s_c_r_i_p_t_s_/ Linker scripts; see ld(1). > _p_k_g_c_o_n_f_i_g_/ Collections of compiler and > linker flags for the pkgconf(5) > development tool. > > _l_i_b_e_x_e_c_/ System daemons and utilities that are > executed by other programs: > > _b_s_d_c_o_n_f_i_g_/ Utilities called by the > ncurses FreeBSD configuration > wizard. > _b_s_d_i_n_s_t_a_l_l_/ Utilities for bsdinstall(8). > _l_p_r_/ Utilities and filters for the > line printer system; see > lpr(1). > _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_/ The sendmail(8) binary; see > mailwrapper(8). > _s_m_._b_i_n_/ Restricted shell for > sendmail(8); see smrsh(8). > _z_f_s_/ Z file system utilities. > > _l_o_c_a_l_/ Default destination for local executables, > libraries, etc, installed by pkg(7)s or > ports(7). > > Within _l_o_c_a_l_/, the general layout sketched > out by hhiieerr for _/_u_s_r should be used. > Exceptions are the ports documentation (in > _s_h_a_r_e_/_d_o_c_/_<_p_o_r_t_>_/), and _/_u_s_r_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_e_t_c > (mimics _/_e_t_c): > > _s_h_a_r_e_/_d_o_c_/_f_r_e_e_b_s_d_/ > The articles, books, FAQ, and > handbooks available from the > FreeBSD project. > > _o_b_j_/ Architecture-specific target tree produced > by building FreeBSD from source; see > build(7). > _p_o_r_t_s_/ FreeBSD ports collection; see ports(7). > _s_b_i_n_/ System daemons & system utilities (executed > by users). > _s_h_a_r_e_/ Architecture-independent files: > > _c_a_l_e_n_d_a_r_/ A variety of pre-fab calendar > files; see calendar(1). > _c_e_r_t_s_/ TLS certificates for > openssl(1). > _d_i_c_t_/ Word lists; see look(1): > > _f_r_e_e_b_s_d FreeBSD-specific > terms, proper > names, and jargon. > _w_e_b_2 Words from > Webster's Second > International. > > _d_o_c_/ Miscellaneous documentation: > > _I_P_v_6_/ Implementation > notes for IPv6. > _a_t_f_/ Automated Testing > Framework. > _k_y_u_a_/ Driver for the > FreeBSD Test Suite. > _l_e_g_a_l_/ License files for > vendor supplied > firmware files > _l_l_v_m_/ Documentation for > the clang(1) C > compiler. > _n_c_u_r_s_e_s_/ HTML documents > pertaining to > ncurses; see > ncurses(3) > _n_t_p_/ HTML documents > pertaining to the > Network Time > Protocol > _p_j_d_f_s_t_e_s_t_/ Instructions for a > kyua module. > > _d_t_r_a_c_e_/ Scripts for the Dynamic Tracing > Compiler, see dtrace(1). > _e_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_/ Various examples for users and > programmers. > _f_i_r_m_w_a_r_e_/ Firmware images loaded by > userland programs. > _g_a_m_e_s_/ ASCII text files used by BSD > heritage games. > _k_e_y_s_/ Known trusted and revoked keys: > > _p_k_g_/ Fingerprints for pkg(7) > and pkg(8). > > _l_o_c_a_l_e_/ Localization files; see > setlocale(3). > _m_a_n_/ System manual pages. > _m_i_s_c_/ Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII > text files: > > _a_s_c_i_i Chart of the ASCII > codepoints. > _f_o_n_t_s_/ Ancient fonts > handed down for > generations, no one > left knows what > they do. > _f_l_o_w_e_r_s The meanings of > flowers. > _m_a_g_i_c Magic numbers used > by file(1). > _t_e_r_m_c_a_p Terminal > characteristics > database; see > termcap(5). > > _m_k_/ Templates for make; see > make(1). > _n_l_s_/ National language support > files. > _s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y_/ Data files for security > policies such as mac_lomac(4). > _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_/ sendmail(8) configuration > files. > _s_k_e_l_/ Example _. (dot) files for new > accounts. > _s_n_m_p_/ MIBs, example files and tree > definitions for the SNMP > daemon: > > _d_e_f_s_/ Tree definition files > for use with > gensnmptree(1). > _m_i_b_s_/ Management Information > Base (MIB) files. > > _s_y_s_c_o_n_s_/ Files used by syscons; see > syscons(4): > > _f_o_n_t_s_/ Console fonts; see > vidcontrol(1) and > vidfont(1) > _k_e_y_m_a_p_s_/ Console keyboard > maps; see > kbdcontrol(1) and > kbdmap(1). > _s_c_r_n_m_a_p_s_/ Console screen > maps. > > _t_a_b_s_e_t_/ Tab description files for a > variety of terminals; used in > the termcap file; see > termcap(5). > _v_i_/ Localization support and > utilities for vi(1). > _v_t_/ Files used by vt; see vt(4): > > _f_o_n_t_s_/ Console fonts; see > vidcontrol(1), > vidfont(1), and > vtfontcvt(8). > _k_e_y_m_a_p_s_/ Console keyboard > maps; see > kbdcontrol(1) and > kbdmap(1). > > _z_o_n_e_i_n_f_o_/ Timezone configuration > information; see tzfile(5). > > _s_r_c_/ FreeBSD source code; see development(7). > The layout of the source tree is described > by the top-level _R_E_A_D_M_E_._m_d file. > > _t_e_s_t_s_/ The FreeBSD test suite; see tests(7) > > _/_v_a_r_/ Log, temporary, transient, and spool files: > > _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_/ System accounting files: > > _a_c_c_t Execution accounting file; see acct(5). > > _a_t_/ Timed command scheduling files; see at(1): > > _j_o_b_s_/ Job files. > _s_p_o_o_l_/ Output spool files. > > _a_u_d_i_t_/ Security event audit trail files; see audit(8). > _a_u_t_h_p_f_/ User shell sessions for authenticating > gateways; see authpf(8). > _b_a_c_k_u_p_s_/ Critical system configuration backups. > _c_a_c_h_e_/ Miscellaneous cached files: > > _p_k_g_/ Cached packages for pkg(8). > _c_u_p_s_/ Cached printers for cups(1). > > _c_r_a_s_h_/ Default directory to store kernel crash dumps; > see crash(8) and savecore(8). > _c_r_o_n_/ Files used by cron; see cron(8): > > _t_a_b_s_/ Crontab files; see crontab(5). > > _d_b_/ Miscellaneous automatically generated system- > specific database files. > > _e_t_c_u_p_d_a_t_e_/ Temporary files and log for > etcupdate(8). > _f_r_e_e_b_s_d_-_u_p_d_a_t_e_/ Downloads and temporary files > for freebsd-update(8). > _p_k_g_/ Package database. > > _e_m_p_t_y_/ Empty directory for use by programs that need a > specifically empty directory. Used for > instance by sshd(8) for privilege separation. > _g_a_m_e_s_/ Miscellaneous game status and score files for > UNIX heritage games. > _h_e_i_m_d_a_l_/ Kerberos server databases; see kdc(8). > _l_i_b_/ Holds state information for applications ported > from linux. > _l_o_g_/ System log files: > > _X_o_r_g_._0_._l_o_g Xserver(1) log, if x(7) is > installed. Rotates to > _X_o_r_g_._0_._l_o_g_._o_l_d. > _a_c_u_l_o_g > _a_u_t_h_._l_o_g > _b_s_d_i_n_s_t_a_l_l___l_o_g > _b_s_d_i_s_k_s_._l_o_g FreeDesktop.org automounter > log, if a desktop environment > has pulled bsdisks(8), from > ports(7). > _c_r_o_n Scheduled task log, see > cron(8). > _c_u_p_s_/ Logs for the Common Unix > Printing System, see cups(1). > _d_a_e_m_o_n_._l_o_g > _d_e_v_d_._l_o_g > _d_m_e_s_g_._t_o_d_a_y System message buffer log. > _d_m_e_s_g_._y_e_s_t_e_r_d_a_y > Rotated system message buffer. > _d_e_b_u_g_._l_o_g > _l_p_d_-_e_r_r_s Logs for the line printer > daemon, see lpd(8). > _m_a_i_l_l_o_g Sendmail(8) log, rotates and > compresses to maillog.0.bz2. > _m_e_s_s_a_g_e_s General system log, see > syslog(3). > _m_o_u_n_t_._t_o_d_a_y > _m_o_u_n_t_._y_e_s_t_e_r_d_a_y > _p_f_._t_o_d_a_y Packet filter firewall log, see > pf(4). > _p_f_l_o_g saved packets caught by > pflogd(8). > _p_p_p_._l_o_g > _s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y > _s_e_t_u_i_d > _u_s_e_r_l_o_g > _u_t_x_._l_a_s_t_l_o_g_i_n Last login log; see > getutxent(3). > _u_t_x_._l_o_g Login/logout log; see > getutxent(3). > _x_f_e_r_l_o_g > > _m_a_i_l_/ User mailbox files. > _m_s_g_s_/ System messages database; see msgs(1). > _p_r_e_s_e_r_v_e_/ Temporary home of files preserved after an > accidental death of the ex(1) text editor. > _q_u_o_t_a_s_/ UFS quota information files. > _r_u_n_/ System information files describing various > info about system since it was booted: > > _b_h_y_v_e_/ Bhyve virtual machine unix(4) > domain sockets. > _p_p_p_/ Writable by the "network" > group for command connection > sockets; see ppp(8). > _u_t_x_._a_c_t_i_v_e Database of current users; see > getutxent(3). > _w_p_a___s_u_p_p_l_i_c_a_n_t_/ IEEE Std.802.11 wifi run time > files. > > _r_w_h_o_/ Information about other systems on the local > network; see rwhod(8), rwho(1), and ruptime(1). > _s_p_o_o_l_/ Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling > directories: > > _c_l_i_e_n_t_m_q_u_e_u_e_/ Undelivered submission mail > queue; see sendmail(8). > _c_u_p_s_/ > _d_m_a_/ Undelivered mail queue for > Dragonfly Mail Agent; see > dma(8). > _l_o_c_k_/ > _f_t_p_/ Ftp root directory; see ftpd(8). > _m_q_u_e_u_e_/ Undelivered mail queue for > Sendmail(8). > _o_p_i_e_l_o_c_k_s_/ > _o_u_t_p_u_t_/ Line printer spooling > directories. > > _t_m_p_/ Temporary files that are not removed between > system reboots by rc(8): > > _v_i_._r_e_c_o_v_e_r_/ The directory where vi(1) recovery > files are stored. > > _u_n_b_o_u_n_d_/ Files and configuration for unbound(8). > _y_p_/ The NIS maps; see yp(8). > >NNOOTTEESS > This manual page documents the default FreeBSD file system layout, but > the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system > administrator's discretion. A well-maintained installation will include > a customized version of this document. > >SSEEEE AALLSSOO > apropos(1), find(1), grep(1), ls(1), whereis(1), which(1) > >HHIISSTTOORRYY > A hhiieerr manual page first appeared in 1979 with Version 7 AT&T UNIX. > >FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE-p2 August 25, 2023 FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE-p2
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