FreeBSD Bugzilla – Attachment 8910 Details for
Bug 18477
[PATCH] Several updates to the FAQ are included
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[patch]
file.diff
file.diff (text/plain), 22.57 KB, created by
eogren
on 2000-05-10 04:00:00 UTC
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Description:
file.diff
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Creator:
eogren
Created:
2000-05-10 04:00:00 UTC
Size:
22.57 KB
patch
obsolete
>Index: book.sgml >=================================================================== >RCS file: /usr/local/doctree/doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v >retrieving revision 1.54 >diff -u -r1.54 book.sgml >--- book.sgml 2000/05/07 16:48:51 1.54 >+++ book.sgml 2000/05/10 02:43:42 >@@ -205,10 +205,11 @@ > -CURRENT mailing list are sometimes treated with > contempt.</para> > >- <para>Every now and again, a <ulink >- URL="../releases/snapshots.html">snapshot</ulink> release is >- also made of this -CURRENT development code, CDROM >- distributions of the occasional snapshot even now being made >+ <para>Every day, <ulink >+ URL="../releases/snapshots.html">snapshot</ulink> releases are >+ made based on the current state of the -CURRENT and >+ -STABLE branches. Nowadays, >+ distributions of the occasional snapshot are now being made > available. The goals behind each snapshot release are:</para> > > <itemizedlist> >@@ -218,7 +219,8 @@ > </listitem> > > <listitem> >- <para>To give people who would like to run -CURRENT but who >+ <para>To give people who would like to run -CURRENT or >+ -STABLE but who > don't have the time and/or bandwidth to follow it on a > day-to-day basis an easy way of bootstrapping it onto > their systems.</para> >@@ -238,10 +240,11 @@ > </listitem> > </itemizedlist> > >- <para>No claims are made that any snapshot can be considered >- ``production quality'' for any purpose. For stability and >- tested mettle, you will have to stick to full >- releases.</para> >+ <para>No claims are made that any -CURRENT snapshot can be considered >+ “production quality” for any purpose. >+ If you want to run a stable and >+ fully tested system, you will have to stick to full >+ releases, or use the -STABLE snaphosts.</para> > > <para>Snapshot releases are directly available from <ulink > URL="ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/"> >@@ -249,10 +252,10 @@ > for 5.0-CURRENT and > <ulink url="ftp://releng4.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD"> > releng4.FreeBSD.org</ulink> for 4-STABLE snapshots. >- 3-STABLE snapshots can be found at >- <ulink url="releng3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD"> >- releng3.FreeBSD.org.</ulink> >- Snapshots are generated, on the average, once a day for >+ 3-STABLE snapshots are not being produced at the time of >+ this writing (May 2000).</para> >+ >+ <para>Snapshots are generated, on the average, once a day for > all actively developed branches.</para> > </answer> > </qandaentry> >@@ -310,8 +313,12 @@ > beyond, the previous 2.2-STABLE branch having been retired > with the release of 2.2.8. 3.4-STABLE has now replaced it, > with 3.4-RELEASE being released in mid-December 1999. >- 4.0-RELEASE released at mid-March 2000 and going to replace >- 3.X branch at summer 2000. 5.0-CURRENT is now the "current >+ 4.0-RELEASE was released in March 2000. Although 4-STABLE >+ is the actively developed -STABLE branch, bugfixes are >+ still being committed to 3-STABLE. It is expected that the >+ 3.X branch will be officially obsoleted some time in >+ summer 2000. >+ 5.0-CURRENT is now the "current > branch", with the no release date planed.</para> > </answer> > </qandaentry> >@@ -335,9 +342,8 @@ > <para>Releases are made about every 4 months on average.</para> > > <para>For people needing (or wanting) a little more excitement, >- there are SNAPs released more frequently, particularly during >- the month or so leading up to a release.</para> >- </answer> >+ binary snapshots are made every day... see above.</para> >+ </answer> > </qandaentry> > > <qandaentry> >@@ -393,12 +399,6 @@ > > <itemizedlist> > <listitem> >- <para>For the current 2.2-STABLE release, 2.2.8R, see the >- <ulink URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/2.2.8-RELEASE/">2.2.8-RELEASE</ulink> >- directory.</para> >- </listitem> >- >- <listitem> > <para>For the current 3.X-STABLE release, 3.4-RELEASE, see > the <ulink > URL="ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/3.4-RELEASE/">3.4-RELEASE</ulink> >@@ -406,23 +406,15 @@ > </listitem> > <listitem> > <para>The current 4.X-STABLE release, 4.0-RELEASE can be >- found in <ulink >+ found in the <ulink > url="ftp://current.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/4.0-RELEASE"> the 4.0-RELEASE</ulink> directory.</para> > </listitem> > > <listitem> > <para><ulink >- URL="ftp://releng3.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">3.X Snapshot</ulink> >- releases are also made once a day along the RELENG_3 branch >- (post 3.0-RELEASE) as it continues on its way towards >- 3.5-RELEASE.</para> >- </listitem> >- >- <listitem> >- <para><ulink > url="ftp://releng4.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/">4.X >- snapshots</ulink> are made once a day as well.</para> >- </listitem> >+ snapshots</ulink> are usually made once a day.</para> >+ </listitem> > > <listitem> > <para><ulink >@@ -570,18 +562,18 @@ > > <answer> > <para>There is a FreeBSD Documentation Project which you may >- contact (or even better, join) on the <emphasis >- remap=tt>doc</emphasis> mailing list: <ulink >+ contact (or even better, join) at the <emphasis >+ remap=tt>freebsd-doc</emphasis> mailing list: <ulink > URL="mailto:freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org"><freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org></ulink>. > This list is for discussion of the FreeBSD documentation. For > actual questions about FreeBSD, there is the <emphasis >- remap=tt>questions</emphasis> mailing list: <ulink >+ remap=tt>freebsd-questions</emphasis> mailing list: <ulink > URL="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"><freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org></ulink>.</para> > > <para>A FreeBSD ``handbook'' is available, and can be found as: > <ulink URL="../handbook/index.html">the FreeBSD >- Handbook</ulink>. Note that this is a work in progress, and >- so parts may be incomplete.</para> >+ Handbook</ulink>. Note that this is a work in progress; >+ some parts may be incomplete or out-of-date.</para> > > <para>The definitive printed guide on FreeBSD is ``The Complete > FreeBSD'', written by Greg Lehey and published by Walnut Creek >@@ -593,9 +585,9 @@ > URL="http://www.cheapbytes.com">CheapBytes</ulink>, or at your > favorite bookstore. The ISBN is 1-57176-227-2.</para> > >- <para>However, as FreeBSD 2.2.X is based upon Berkeley >+ <para>Since FreeBSD is based upon Berkeley > 4.4BSD-Lite2, most of the 4.4BSD manuals are applicable to >- FreeBSD 2.2.X. O'Reilly and Associates publishes these >+ FreeBSD. O'Reilly and Associates publishes the following > manuals:</para> > > <itemizedlist> >@@ -816,22 +808,17 @@ > > <itemizedlist> > <listitem> >- <para>Using CVSUP: You can retrieve the formatted files >- using CVSUP from cvsup.FreeBSD.org. Add this line to >- your cvsup file: >- >- <literallayout> >-www release=current hostname=/home base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup >-prefix=/usr/local/www/data/www.FreeBSD.org delete old use-rel-suffix</literallayout></para> >+ <para>Using <application>CVSup</application>: >+ You can retrieve the formatted files >+ using <application>CVSup</application>, and connecting >+ to a <application>CVSup</application> server.</para> >+ <para>To retrieve the webpages, please look at the example >+ supfile, which can be found in >+ <filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup/www-supfile</filename>. >+ </para> > </listitem> > > <listitem> >- <para>Using rsync: See <ulink >- URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/internal/mirror.html">the >- mirroring page</ulink> for information.</para> >- </listitem> >- >- <listitem> > <para>Using ftp mirror: You can download the FTP server's > copy of the web site sources using your favorite ftp mirror > tool. Keep in mind that you have to build these sources before >@@ -851,7 +838,14 @@ > <answer> > <para>Well, we can't pay, but we might arrange a free CD or > T-shirt and a Contributor's Handbook entry if you submit a >- translation of the documentation.</para> >+ translation of the documentation. Before you begin translating >+ please contact the >+ <emphasis>freebsd-doc</emphasis> mailing list at >+ <email>freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org</email>; you may find >+ somebody to help with the translation effort. You may also >+ find out there is already >+ a team translating the docs into your chosen language, >+ who surely wouldn't turn down your help. </para> > </answer> > </qandaentry> > >@@ -1156,12 +1150,18 @@ > <qandaentry><question> > <para>Can I install on a disk with bad blocks?</para></question><answer> > >-<para>FreeBSD's bad block (the <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?bad144">bad144</ulink> >-command) handling is still not 100% (to put it charitably) and >-it must unfortunately be said that if you've got an IDE or ESDI drive >-with lots of bad blocks, then FreeBSD is probably not for you! >-That said, it does work on thousands of IDE based systems, so >-you'd do well to try it first before simply giving up.</para> >+<para>Prior to 3.0, FreeBSD included a utility known as >+<command>bad144</command>, which automatically remapped bad >+blocks. Because modern IDE drives perform this function themselves, >+<command>bad144</command> has been removed from the FreeBSD source >+tree. If you wish to install FreeBSD 3.0 or later, we strongly suggest >+you purchase a newer disk drive. If you do not wish to do this, you >+must run FreeBSD 2.x.</para> >+<para>If you are seeing bad block errors with a modern IDE drive, >+chances are the drive is going to die very soon (the drive's internal >+remapping functions are no longer sufficient to fix the bad blocks, >+which means the disk is heavily corrupted); we suggest you by a >+new hard drive.</para> > > <para>If you have a SCSI drive with bad blocks, see <link linkend="awre">this answer</link>.</para> > >@@ -1193,9 +1193,9 @@ > </listitem> > > <listitem> >-<para>If you're using one of these new-fangled operating systems >-like Windows95 or Windows NT, did you shut it down and restart >-the system in plain, honest DOS? It seems these OS's can >+<para>If you're using >+Windows95 or Win98 did you run <command>fdimage</command> or >+<command>rawrite</command> in pure DOS mode? These OS's can > interfere with programs that write directly to hardware, which > the disk creation program does; even running it inside a DOS > shell in the GUI can cause this problem.</para> >@@ -1462,23 +1462,6 @@ > > </answer></qandaentry> > >-<qandaentry><question >-id="bigram"> >-<para> I have >16MB of RAM. Will this cause any problems? >- </para></question><answer> >- >-<para>Apart from performance issues, no. FreeBSD 2.X comes with bounce >-buffers which allow your bus mastering controller access to greater >-than 16MB. (Note that this should only be required if you are using >-ISA devices, although one or two broken EISA and VLB devices may >-need it as well).</para> >- >-<para>Also look at the section on <link linkend="reallybigram">>64M machines</link> if you have that much memory, >-or if you're using a Compaq or other BIOS that lies about >-the available memory.</para> >- >-</answer></qandaentry> >- > <qandaentry><question> > <para>Do I need to install the complete sources?</para></question><answer> > >@@ -1505,9 +1488,7 @@ > > <para>To actually select a subset of the sources, use the Custom > menu item when you are in the Distributions menu of the >-system installation tool. The <filename>src/install.sh</filename> script >-will also install partial pieces of the source distribution, >-depending on the arguments you pass it.</para> >+system installation tool.</para> > > </answer></qandaentry> > >@@ -2039,15 +2020,22 @@ > </literallayout> > </para> > >-<para>In FreeBSD 3.1 or later, the line should be:</para> >+<para>In FreeBSD 3.X, the line should be:</para> > > <para> > <literallayout> device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq5 > </literallayout> > </para> >+ >+<para>And in FreeBSD 4.X and later, the line should read:</para> > >-<para>The bus mouse usually comes with an dedicatd interface card. >-It may allow you to set the port address and the IRQ number other >+<para> >+<literallayout> device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c irq5 >+</literallayout> >+</para> >+ >+<para>Bus mice usually comes with dedicated interface cards. >+These cards may allow you to set the port address and the IRQ number other > than shown above. Refer to the manual of your mouse and the > &man.mse.4; man page for more information.</para> > >@@ -2138,7 +2126,7 @@ > </literallayout> > </para> > >-<para>In versions 2.2.2 or later, set the following variables in >+<para>In versions 2.2.2 to 3.0, set the following variables in > <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para> > > <para> >@@ -2148,6 +2136,10 @@ > </literallayout> > </para> > >+<para>In 3.1 and later, assuming you have a PS/2 mouse, all you need >+to is add “moused_enable="YES" to >+<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para> >+ > <para>In addition, if you would like to be able to use the mouse > daemon on all virtual terminals instead of just console at boot-time, > add the following to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para> >@@ -2431,7 +2423,7 @@ > </answer></qandaentry> > > <qandaentry><question> >-<para>What other devices does 2.X support?</para></question><answer> >+<para>What other devices does FreeBSD support?</para></question><answer> > > <para>See the <ulink URL="../handbook/install.html#INSTALL-MISC">Handbook</ulink> > for the list of other devices supported.</para> >@@ -2537,7 +2529,11 @@ > <para>Does FreeBSD support Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)? > </para></question><answer> > >-<para>SMP is supported in 3.0-STABLE and later releases only.</para> >+<para>SMP is supported in 3.0-STABLE and later releases only. SMP is >+not enabled in the <emphasis>GENERIC</emphasis> kernel, so you will >+have to recompile your kernel to enable SMP. Take a look at >+<filename>/sys/i386/conf/LINT</filename> to figure out what options to put in >+your kernel config file.</para> > > </answer></qandaentry> > >@@ -2604,7 +2600,8 @@ > This is fine for operating systems like DOS that use BIOS code to > access the disk. However, FreeBSD's disk driver does not go through > BIOS, therefore a mechanism, bad144, exists that replaces this >-functionality. bad144 only works with the wd driver, >+functionality. bad144 only works with the wd driver (which means it >+is not supported in FreeBSD 4.0), > it is NOT able to be used with SCSI. bad144 works by entering all bad > sectors found into a special file.</para> > >@@ -2692,10 +2689,6 @@ > firmware for it, you will need to check the position of jumper W1 > to B-C, the default is A-B.</para> > >-<para>The 742a EISA cards never had the ``>16MB'' problem mentioned in >-the section <link linkend="bigram">on >16 MB machines</link>. This is a >-problem that occurs with the Vesa-Local Buslogic SCSI cards.</para> >- > </answer></qandaentry> > > <qandaentry><question> >@@ -3588,7 +3581,8 @@ > </answer></qandaentry> > > <qandaentry><question> >-<para> When I run a SCO/iBCS2 application, it bombs on <emphasis remap=tt>socksys</emphasis>. >+<para> When I run a SCO/iBCS2 application, it bombs on >+<emphasis remap=tt>socksys</emphasis> (FreeBSD 3.0 and older only). > </para></question><answer> > > <para>You first need to edit the <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> >@@ -3799,9 +3793,22 @@ > so that all files could be copied with a <command><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cp(1)">cp</ulink> /usr/src/etc/rc* > /etc</command> command.</para> > >-<para><filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> is here as always and may be used to >-start up additional local services like <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^inn">INN</ulink> >-or set custom options.</para> >+<para>And, in 3.1 and later, <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> has >+been moved to <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>. <emphasis>Do not edit >+this file!</emphasis> Instead, if there is any entry in >+<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> that you want to change, >+you should copy the line into <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> and >+change it there.</para> >+<para>For example, if you wish to start named, the DNS server included >+with FreeBSD in FreeBSD 3.1 or later, all you need to do is:</para> >+<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo named_enable="YES" >> >+/etc/rc.conf</userinput></screen> >+ >+<para>To start up local services in FreeBSD 3.1 or later, place shell >+scripts in the <filename>/usr/local/etc.rd</filename> directory. These >+shell scripts should be set executable, and end with a .sh. In FreeBSD >+3.0 and earlier releases, you should edit the >+<filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> file.</para> > > <para>The <filename>/etc/rc.serial</filename> is for serial port initialization > (e.g. locking the port characteristics, and so on.).</para> >@@ -3809,34 +3816,6 @@ > <para>The <filename>/etc/rc.i386</filename> is for Intel-specifics settings, such > as iBCS2 emulation or the PC system console configuration.</para> > >-<para>Starting with 2.1.0R, you can also have "local" startup files in a >-directory specified in <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename> (or >-<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>):</para> >- >-<para> >-<literallayout> # Location of local startup files. >- local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d >- </literallayout> >-</para> >- >-<para>Each file ending in <filename>.sh</filename> will be executed in alphabetical order.</para> >- >-<para>If you want to ensure a certain execution order without changing all >-the file names, you can use a scheme similar to the following with >-digits prepended to each file name to insure the ordering:</para> >- >-<para> >-<literallayout> 10news.sh >- 15httpd.sh >- 20ssh.sh >- </literallayout> >-</para> >- >-<para>It can be seen as ugly (or SysV :-)) but it provides a simple and >-regular scheme for locally-added packages without resorting to >-magical editing of <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename>. Many of the ports/packages >-assume that <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename> is a local startup directory.</para> >- > </answer></qandaentry> > > <qandaentry><question> >@@ -3845,7 +3824,9 @@ > <para>Use the <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?adduser">adduser</ulink> command. For more complicated usage, the > <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?pw">pw</ulink> command.</para> > >-<para>To remove the user again, use the <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser">rmuser</ulink> command.</para> >+<para>To remove the user again, use the <ulink >+URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser">rmuser</ulink> >+command. Once again, <command>pw</command> will work as well.</para> > > </answer></qandaentry> > >@@ -4540,17 +4521,16 @@ > > <para> > <literallayout> options SYSVSHM >- options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory >+ options SYSVSHM # enable shared memory > options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores > options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging > </literallayout> > </para> >- >-<para>Recompile and install.</para> >+<para><note><para>In FreeBSD 3.2 and later, these options are already part >+of the <emphasis>GENERIC</emphasis> kernel, which means they should >+already be compiled into your system.</para></note></para> > >-<para><emphasis remap=bf>NOTE:</emphasis> You may need to increase SHMMAXPGS to some >-ridiculous number like 4096 (16M!) if you want to run >-GIMP. 256Kb is plenty for X11R6 shared memory.</para> >+<para>Recompile and install your kernel.</para> > > </answer></qandaentry> > >@@ -5941,20 +5921,19 @@ > box to connect to the Internet and then be able to access the > Internet from the Windows95 box through the FreeBSD box. This > is really just a special case of the previous question.</para> >- >-<para>There's a useful document available which explains how to set >-FreeBSD up as a <ulink URL="http://www.ssimicro.com/~jeremyc/ppp.html">PPP Dialup Router</ulink></para> >- >-<para><emphasis remap=bf>NOTE:</emphasis> This requires having at least two fixed IP addresses >-available, and possibly three or more, depending on how much >-work you want to go through to set up the Windows box. As an >-alternative, if you don't have a fixed IP, you can use one of >-the private IP subnets and install <emphasis remap=bf>proxies</emphasis> such as >-<ulink URL="http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/">SQUID</ulink> and >-<ulink URL="http://www.tis.com/">the TIS firewall toolkit</ulink> >-on your FreeBSD box.</para> >- >-<para>See also the section on <link linkend="natd">natd</link>.</para> >+<para> ... and the answer is yes! In FreeBSD 3.x, user-mode ppp contains a >+<option>-nat</option> option. If you run <command>ppp</command> with >+the <option>-nat</option>, set <literal>gateway_enable</literal> to >+<emphasis>YES</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, and >+configure your Windows machine correctly, this should work >+fine.</para> >+ >+<para>More detailed information about setting this up can be found in >+the <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/tutorials/ppp/index.html">Pedantic PPP >+Primer</ulink> by Steve Sims.</para> >+<para>If you are using kernel-mode ppp, or have an Ethernet connection >+to the Internet, you will have to use <command>natd</command>. Please >+look at the <link linkend="natd">natd</link> section of this FAQ.</para> > > </answer></qandaentry> > >@@ -6380,18 +6359,6 @@ > </answer></qandaentry></qandaset> > </chapter> > >- >- >- >- >- >- >- >- >- >- >- >- > <chapter id="ppp"> > <title>PPP</title> > <qandaset> >@@ -8027,10 +7994,12 @@ > <para> Why use (what are) a.out and ELF executable formats? > </para></question><answer> > >-<para>To understand why FreeBSD uses the <filename>a.out</filename> format, you must >+<para>To understand why FreeBSD uses the <filename>ELF</filename> format, you must > first know a little about the 3 currently "dominant" executable > formats for UNIX:</para> > >+<para><note><para>Prior to FreeBSD 3.x, FreeBSD used the a.out format.</para></note></para> >+ > <para> > <itemizedlist> > >@@ -8483,7 +8452,9 @@ > </para></question><answer> > > <para>There are currently three active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD >-<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi">CVS Repository</ulink>:</para> >+<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi">CVS >+Repository</ulink> (the RELENG_2 branch is probably only changed twice >+a year, which is why there are only three active branches of development):</para> > > <para> > <itemizedlist> >@@ -8507,7 +8478,7 @@ > </itemizedlist> > </para> > >-<para><acronym>HEAD</acronym> is not an actual branch tag, like the other two, it's >+<para><acronym>HEAD</acronym> is not an actual branch tag, like the other two; it's > simply a symbolic constant for > <emphasis>"the current, non-branched development stream"</emphasis> which we simply > refer to as <option>-CURRENT</option>.</para>
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