Attachment 30034 Details for Bug 50761 – floppy.diff

[patch] floppy.diff

floppy.diff (text/plain), 13.06 KB, created by Martin Karlsson on 2003-04-09 23:30:09 UTC

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Creator: Martin Karlsson

Created: 2003-04-09 23:30:09 UTC

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>Index: chapter.sgml
>===================================================================
>RCS file: /home/ncvs/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml,v
>retrieving revision 1.145
>diff -u -r1.145 chapter.sgml
>--- chapter.sgml	2003/03/26 02:11:55	1.145
>+++ chapter.sgml	2003/04/09 21:47:06
>@@ -1096,148 +1096,187 @@
> 	<author>
> 	  <firstname>Julio</firstname>
> 	  <surname>Merino</surname>
>-	  <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
>+	  <contrib>Original work by </contrib>
> 	</author>
>       </authorgroup>
>       
>+      <authorgroup>
>+	<author>
>+	  <firstname>Martin</firstname>
>+	  <surname>Karlsson</surname>
>+	  <contrib>Rewritten by </contrib>
>+	</author>
>+      </authorgroup>
>+      
>     </sect1info>
> 
>     <title>Creating and Using Floppy Disks</title>
> 
>-    <para>Floppy disks are, nowadays, an old-fashioned medium to
>-      store/share data. Although, there are still some times when you
>-      need to use them, because you do not have any other removable
>-      storage media or you need to use what you have saved in them on
>-      any other computer.</para>
>+    <para>Storing data on floppy disks is sometimes useful, for example
>+      when one does not have any other removable storage media or when one needs
>+      to transfer small amounts of data to another computer.</para>
> 
>     <para>This section will explain how to use floppy disks in
>-      FreeBSD, that is, formating and copying/restoring data from
>-      them. But... I really have written this to help you about how to
>-      create forced-size floppies.</para>
>+      FreeBSD, and will cover formating, copying, and restoring data from
>+      floppies.</para>
> 
>     <sect2>
>-      <title>The device</title>
>+      <title>Formatting floppies</title>
>+
>+      <sect3>
>+	<title>The device</title>
> 
>-      <para>Floppy disks are accessed through entries in
>-        <filename>/dev</filename> (like any other device). To access the
>-        raw floppy disk you can use <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>X</replaceable></filename>,
>-        where <replaceable>X</replaceable> stands for the drive number, usually 0. When the disk is
>-        formatted you can use <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>X</replaceable></filename>, or
>-        whichever of the other devices named
>-        <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>XY</replaceable></filename>, where <replaceable>Y</replaceable> stands for a
>-        letter. These are all the same.</para>
>-
>-      <para>Other important devices are
>-        <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>X</replaceable>.<replaceable>size</replaceable></filename>, where <replaceable>size</replaceable> is a floppy disk
>-        size in kilobytes. These entries are used at low-level format
>-        time to determine the disk size.</para>
>-
>-      <para>Sometimes you will have to (re)create these entries under
>-        <filename>/dev</filename>. To do it, you can issue:</para>
>-
>-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev && ./MAKEDEV "fd*"</userinput></screen>
>-      <note><para>In FreeBSD 5.0, &man.devfs.5; will automatically
>-	manage device nodes in <filename>/dev</filename>, so use of
>-	<command>MAKEDEV</command> is not necessary.</para></note>
>+	<para>Floppy disks are accessed through entries in
>+	  <filename>/dev</filename>, just like other devices.  To access the
>+	  raw floppy disk one uses <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>,
>+	  where <replaceable>N</replaceable> stands for the drive number,
>+	  usually 0, or in 4.8 or older
>+	  <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>NX</replaceable></filename>,
>+	  where <replaceable>X</replaceable> stands for a letter.</para>
>+
>+	<para>In 5.0 or newer, simply use
>+	  <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>.</para>
>+
>+	<sect4>
>+	  <title>The disk size in 4.8 or older versions</title>
>+
>+	  <para>There are also <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>N</replaceable>.<replaceable>size</replaceable></filename>
>+	    devices, where <replaceable>size</replaceable> is a floppy disk
>+	    size in kilobytes.  These entries are used at low-level format
>+	    time to determine the disk size.</para>
>+
>+	  <para>Sometimes the entries under <filename>/dev</filename> will
>+	    have to be (re)created.  To do that, issue:</para>
>+
>+	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev && ./MAKEDEV "fd*"</userinput></screen>
>+	</sect4>
>+
>+	<sect4>
>+	  <title>The disk size in 5.0 or newer versions</title>
>+
>+	  <para>In 5.0, &man.devfs.5; will automatically
>+	    manage device nodes in <filename>/dev</filename>, so use of
>+	    <command>MAKEDEV</command> is not necessary.</para>
>+	  
>+	  <para>The desired disk size is passed to &man.fdformat.1; through
>+	    the <userinput>-f</userinput> flag.  Supported sizes are listed in
>+	  &man.fdcontrol.8;</para>
>+	</sect4>
>+      </sect3>
>+
>+      <sect3>
>+	<title>Formatting</title>
>+
>+	<para>A floppy disk needs to be low-level formated before it can
>+	  be used.  This is usually done by the vendor, but formatting is a good way
>+	  to check media integrity.  It can also be used to force a larger
>+	  disk size.</para>
>+
>+	<para>To low-level format the floppy disk you need to
>+	  use &man.fdformat.1;.  This utility expects
>+	  the device name as an argument.</para>
>+
>+	<para>Forced disks will take longer to format due to
>+	  the larger disk size.  Other disk
>+	  sizes found in <filename>/dev</filename> can be used,
>+	  but the most stable and compatible forced
>+	  size is 1720kB for 3.5inch disks.</para>
>+
>+	  <para>Make note of any disk error , as this can help determining if
>+	    the disk is good or bad.</para>
>+
>+	<sect4>
>+	  <title>Formatting in 4.8 or older versions</title>
>+
>+	  <para>Use the
>+	    <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>N</replaceable>.<replaceable>size</replaceable></filename> devices
>+	    to either format the floppy to its real size, or to force a larger
>+	    disk size.  Insert a new 3.5inch floppy disk in your drive and issue:</para>
>+
>+	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/fdformat /dev/fd0.1440</userinput></screen>
>+
>+	  <para>To force the floppy disk size, use other entries
>+	    in <filename>/dev</filename>.  With the same floppy, issue:</para>
>+
>+	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/fdformat /dev/fd0.1720</userinput></screen>
>+	</sect4>
>+
>+	<sect4>
>+	  <title>Formatting in 5.0 or newer versions</title>
>+
>+	  <para>Use the <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
>+	    devices to either format the floppy to its real size, or to force a larger
>+	    disk size.  Check &man.fdcontrol.8; for the size you want the disk to
>+	    have.  Insert a new 3.5inch floppy disk in your drive and issue:</para>
>+
>+	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/fdformat -f 1440 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
>+
>+	  <para>To force the floppy disk size, use other entries
>+	    in <filename>/dev</filename>.  With the same floppy, issue:</para>
>+
>+	  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/fdformat -f 1720 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
>+	</sect4>
>+      </sect3>
>     </sect2>
> 
>-    <sect2>
>-      <title>Formatting</title>
> 
>-      <para>A floppy disk needs to be low-level formated before it can
>-        be used.  This is usually done by the vendor but you may want to
>-        do it to check media integrity or to force the disk capacity to
>-        be bigger.</para>
>-
>-      <para>To format the floppy at a low-level fashion you need to
>-        use &man.fdformat.1;. This utility expects
>-        the device name as an argument. We will use those
>-        <filename>/dev/fd<replaceable>X</replaceable>.<replaceable>size</replaceable></filename> devices, which will allow us
>-        to format the floppy to its real size, or force them.  So you
>-        insert a new 3.5inch floppy disk in your drive and issue:</para>
>-
>-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/fdformat /dev/fd0.1440</userinput></screen>
>-
>-      <para>This will take a while... You should notice any disk error
>-        here (this can help you determining which disks are good or
>-        bad).</para>
>-
>-      <para>To force the floppy disk size, we will use other entries
>-        in <filename>/dev</filename>.  Get the same floppy and issue:
>-
>-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/sbin/fdformat /dev/fd0.1720</userinput></screen>
>-
>-      <para>It will take some more time than before (forced disks are
>-        slower).  When it finishes, you will have a 1720kB floppy disk,
>-        but for the moment you will not notice any difference. You may
>-        use other disk sizes that you can find in <filename>/dev</filename>, but the most
>-        stable/compatible is the 1720kB for 3.5inch disks.</para>
>-    </sect2>
> 
>     <sect2>
>       <title>The disklabel</title>
> 
>       <para>After low-level formatting the disk, you will need to
>-        place a disklabel on it.  This disklabel will be destroyed
>-        later, but it is needed by the system to determine the size of
>-        the disk and its geometry later.</para>
>+	place a disklabel on it.  This disklabel will be destroyed
>+	later, but it is needed by the system to determine the size of
>+	the disk and its geometry later.</para>
> 
>       <para>The new disklabel will take over the whole disk, and will
>-        contain all the proper information about the geometry of the
>-        normal or forced floppy.  Take a look to
>-        <filename>/etc/disktab</filename> now; you will see geometry
>-        values of all kinds of floppy disks.
>+	contain all the proper information about the geometry of the
>+	normal or forced floppy.  The geometry values for the disklabel
>+	are listed in <filename>/etc/disktab</filename> now.
> 
>-      <para>You can run now &man.disklabel.8;
>-        like:</para>
>+      <para>You can run now &man.disklabel.8; like so:</para>
> 
>       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/disklabel -B -r -w /dev/fd0 <replaceable>fdsize</replaceable></userinput></screen>
>-
>-      <para>Replace <replaceable>fdsize</replaceable> with <literal>fd1440</literal>, <literal>fd1720</literal> or whichever size you
>-        want.  The last field instructs disklabel which entry to take
>-        from <filename>/etc/disktab</filename> to use.</para>
>+ 
>+      <para>Replace <replaceable>fdsize</replaceable> with
>+	<literal>fd1440</literal>, <literal>fd1720</literal> or whichever size you
>+	want.  The last field instructs disklabel which entry
>+	from <filename>/etc/disktab</filename> to use.</para>
>     </sect2>
> 
>     <sect2>
>       <title>The file system</title>
>+
>+      <para>Now the floppy is ready to be high-level formated. This
>+	will place a new file system on it, which will let FreeBSD read
>+	and write to the disk.  After creating the new file system, the
>+	disklabel is destroyed, so if you want to reformat the disk, you
>+	will have to recreate the disklabel.</para>
> 
>-      <para>Now your floppy is ready to be high-level formated. This
>-        will place a new file system on it, which will let FreeBSD read
>-        and write to the disk. After creating the new file system, the
>-        disklabel is destroyed, so if you want to reformat the disk, you
>-        will have to recreate the disklabel another time.</para>
>-
>-      <para>You can choose now which file system to use on your floppy.
>-        You can use UFS or FAT, though UFS is not a good idea for
>-        floppies.  Choose FAT which is nice for floppies.</para>
>+      <para>The floppy's file system can be either UFS or FAT.
>+	 FAT is generally a better choice for floppies.</para>
> 
>-      <para>To put a new file system on the floppy do this:</para>
>+      <para>To put a new file system on the floppy, issue:</para>
> 
>       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/newfs_msdos /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
> 
>-      <para>As we created a disklabel before, &man.newfs.8;
>-        will be able to fetch disk data and construct the new
>-        file system. And now, your disk is ready for use.</para>
>+      <para>The disk is now ready for use.</para>
>     </sect2>
> 
>+
>     <sect2>
>       <title>Using the floppy</title>
>-
>-      <para>You have two choices to use the floppy. You can either
>-        mount the disk with &man.mount.msdos.8;, or you can
>-        use <application>mtools</application>.
>-        <application>Mtools</application> are great, but you will need
>-        to install them from the ports system.</para>
> 
>-      <para>Try it; issue a <application>mdir</application>. If you forced the
>-        disk, you will notice its extra size!</para>
>+      <para>To use the floppy,  mount it with &man.mount.msdos.8; (in 4.8 or older) or
>+	&man.mount.msdosfs.8; (in 5.0 or newer).
>+        One can also use <application>mtools</application> from the ports collection.</para>
> 
>       <para>A last note about forced disks: they are compatible with
>         practically all other operating systems without any external
>-        utility to read/write them.  Microsoft systems will recognize
>-        them without problems. But note that there may be times when the
>-        floppy drive itself is not able to read them (this may happen
>-        with very old drives).</para>
>+        utility to read from them or write to them.  Microsoft&trade; systems
>+	will recognize them without problems.  Note however that there may be
>+	times when the floppy drive itself is not able to read them, for example
>+        when using very old drives.</para>
>     </sect2>
>   </sect1>

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