</listitem>

      </listitem>

      <listitem>

      <listitem>

	    edition</emphasis>.  MIT Press, 1996.  ISBN

	    edition</emphasis>.  MIT Press, 1996.  ISBN

	  0-262-68092-0.  Also known as the <ulink

	  0-262-68092-0.  Also known as the <ulink

	    URL="http://www.ccil.org/jargon/jargon.html">Jargon

	    URL="http://www.ccil.org/jargon/jargon.html">Jargon

	    <listitem>

	    <listitem>

	      <para>Add authorization infrastructure to the kernel, to allow

	      <para>Add authorization infrastructure to the kernel, to allow

		different authorization policies.  Part of this could be done

		different authorization policies.  Part of this could be done

		&a.eivind;</para>

		&a.eivind;</para>

	    </listitem>

	    </listitem>

	    <para><emphasis>Documentation project</emphasis></para>

	    <para><emphasis>Documentation project</emphasis></para>

	    <para>This mailing list is for the discussion of issues and

	    <para>This mailing list is for the discussion of issues and

	      The members of this mailing list are collectively referred to as

	      The members of this mailing list are collectively referred to as

	      “The FreeBSD Documentation Project”.  It is an open

	      “The FreeBSD Documentation Project”.  It is an open

	      list; feel free to join and contribute!</para>

	      list; feel free to join and contribute!</para>

	<note>

	<note>

	  <para>There are two types of 3940 on the market&mdash;the older

	  <para>There are two types of 3940 on the market&mdash;the older

	    chips.  The newer model requires <ulink

	    chips.  The newer model requires <ulink

	      url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/">CAM</ulink>

	      url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/">CAM</ulink>

	    support which is not yet part of FreeBSD—you have to add it,

	    support which is not yet part of FreeBSD—you have to add it,

      <sect3 id="hw-networking">

      <sect3 id="hw-networking">

	<title>Networking</title>

	<title>Networking</title>

	  foremost, followed by the <ulink

	  foremost, followed by the <ulink

	    URL="http://www.smc.com/">SMC</ulink> Ultra 16 controller for any

	    URL="http://www.smc.com/">SMC</ulink> Ultra 16 controller for any

	  ISA application and the SMC EtherPower or Compex ENET32 cards for

	  ISA application and the SMC EtherPower or Compex ENET32 cards for

	  Zynx ZX342 or DEC DE435/450, will generally work quite well and can

	  Zynx ZX342 or DEC DE435/450, will generally work quite well and can

	  frequently be found in 2-port and 4-port version (useful for

	  frequently be found in 2-port and 4-port version (useful for

	  firewalls and routers), though the Pro/100MB card has the edge when

	  firewalls and routers), though the Pro/100MB card has the edge when

	  overhead.</para>

	  overhead.</para>

	<para>If what you're looking for is the cheapest possible solution

	<para>If what you're looking for is the cheapest possible solution

ttyA01  "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   vt100   on insecure

ttyA01  "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   vt100   on insecure

	</programlisting>

	</programlisting>

	  <userinput>dialup</userinput> or <userinput>unknown</userinput> is

	  <userinput>dialup</userinput> or <userinput>unknown</userinput> is

	  fine.</para>

	  fine.</para>

      </sect3>

      </sect3>

	various audio player software.</para>

	various audio player software.</para>

      <para>Another area where SCSI CDROM manufacturers are cutting corners is

      <para>Another area where SCSI CDROM manufacturers are cutting corners is

	  specification</link>. Many SCSI CDROMs will respond to <link

	  specification</link>. Many SCSI CDROMs will respond to <link

	  linkend="scsi-rogue-devices">multiple LUNs</link> for its target

	  linkend="scsi-rogue-devices">multiple LUNs</link> for its target

	address.  Known violators include the 6x Teac CD-56S 1.0D.</para>

	address.  Known violators include the 6x Teac CD-56S 1.0D.</para>

	      <row>

	      <row>

		<entry>0x0d</entry>

		<entry>0x0d</entry>

		<entry>read</entry>

		<entry>read</entry>

		  versions)</entry>

		  versions)</entry>

	      </row>

	      </row>

	      <row>

	      <row>

	      <row>

	      <row>

		<entry>0xda</entry>

		<entry>0xda</entry>

		<entry>read</entry>

		<entry>read</entry>

		  82374)</entry>

		  82374)</entry>

	      </row>

	      </row>

	flags.</para>

	flags.</para>

      <para>In general terms, each of the paging queues operates in a LRU

      <para>In general terms, each of the paging queues operates in a LRU

	initially.  When wired, the page is usually associated with a page

	initially.  When wired, the page is usually associated with a page

	table somewhere.  The VM system ages the page by scanning pages in a

	table somewhere.  The VM system ages the page by scanning pages in a

	more active paging queue (LRU) in order to move them to a less-active

	more active paging queue (LRU) in order to move them to a less-active

	paging queue.  Pages that get moved into the cache are still

	paging queue.  Pages that get moved into the cache are still

	associated with a VM object but are candidates for immediate reuse.

	associated with a VM object but are candidates for immediate reuse.

	the number of pages in the free queue, but a certain minimum number of

	the number of pages in the free queue, but a certain minimum number of

	allocation at interrupt time.</para>

	allocation at interrupt time.</para>

      <para>If a process attempts to access a page that does not exist in its

      <para>If a process attempts to access a page that does not exist in its

	debugging and optimization flags with the

	debugging and optimization flags with the

	<literal>makeoptions</literal> directive in the kernel configuration.

	<literal>makeoptions</literal> directive in the kernel configuration.

	Note that you should not use <option>-g</option> unless you can

	Note that you should not use <option>-g</option> unless you can

      <programlisting>makeoptions    DEBUG="-g"

      <programlisting>makeoptions    DEBUG="-g"

makeoptions     COPTFLAGS="-O2 -pipe"</programlisting>

makeoptions     COPTFLAGS="-O2 -pipe"</programlisting>

	lot of memory.  You should also size your swap partition based on the

	lot of memory.  You should also size your swap partition based on the

	maximum memory configuration you ever intend to put on the machine so

	maximum memory configuration you ever intend to put on the machine so

	you do not have to repartition your disks later on. If you want to be

	you do not have to repartition your disks later on. If you want to be

	least as large as main memory and <filename>/var/crash</filename> must

	least as large as main memory and <filename>/var/crash</filename> must

	have sufficient free space to hold the dump.</para>

	have sufficient free space to hold the dump.</para>

      but is covered well in many books in the <link

      but is covered well in many books in the <link

	linkend="bibliography">bibliography</link>.  However, FreeBSD does

	linkend="bibliography">bibliography</link>.  However, FreeBSD does

      offer an easier editor called “ee” which, if you are a

      offer an easier editor called “ee” which, if you are a

      comment lines at the top to reflect your configuration or the changes

      comment lines at the top to reflect your configuration or the changes

      you have made to differentiate it from

      you have made to differentiate it from

      <filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>

      <filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>

	      </listitem>

	      </listitem>

	    </itemizedlist>

	    </itemizedlist>

		for Alpha systems include:</para>

		for Alpha systems include:</para>

	    <itemizedlist>

	    <itemizedlist>

		<listitem>

		<listitem>

		  <para>Sets the debug level to <replaceable>N</replaceable>.

		  <para>Sets the debug level to <replaceable>N</replaceable>.

		    output.</para>

		    output.</para>

		</listitem>

		</listitem>

	      </varlistentry>

	      </varlistentry>

    <para>If you need to do low-level debugging on your kernel, there is an

    <para>If you need to do low-level debugging on your kernel, there is an

      on-line debugger available called DDB.  It allows to setting

      on-line debugger available called DDB.  It allows to setting

      kernel variables, etc.  However, it cannot access kernel source files,

      kernel variables, etc.  However, it cannot access kernel source files,

      and only has access to the global and static symbols, not to the full

      and only has access to the global and static symbols, not to the full

      debug information like <command>kgdb</command>.</para>

      debug information like <command>kgdb</command>.</para>

	</listitem>

	</listitem>

	<listitem>

	<listitem>

	    set.</para>

	    set.</para>

	</listitem>

	</listitem>

      </itemizedlist>

      </itemizedlist>

      call.</para>

      call.</para>

    <para>What happens is that FreeBSD has a list of loaders, instead of a

    <para>What happens is that FreeBSD has a list of loaders, instead of a

      running any shell interpreters or shell scripts.</para>

      running any shell interpreters or shell scripts.</para>

    <para>Historically, the only loader on the UNIX platform examined the

    <para>Historically, the only loader on the UNIX platform examined the

    <para>For the Linux binary emulation, FreeBSD sees the magic number as an

    <para>For the Linux binary emulation, FreeBSD sees the magic number as an

      ELF binary (it makes no distinction between FreeBSD, Solaris, Linux, or

      ELF binary (it makes no distinction between FreeBSD, Solaris, Linux, or

    <para>The ELF loader looks for a specialized <emphasis>brand</emphasis>,

    <para>The ELF loader looks for a specialized <emphasis>brand</emphasis>,

      which is a comment section in the ELF image, and which is not present on

      which is a comment section in the ELF image, and which is not present on

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</userinput>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</userinput>

&prompt.root; <userinput>make foo.cf</userinput></screen>

&prompt.root; <userinput>make foo.cf</userinput></screen>

	then:</para>

	then:</para>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf</userinput></screen>

      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf</userinput></screen>

	  <note>

	  <note>

	    <para>You should list all the files, but not the name directories,

	    <para>You should list all the files, but not the name directories,

	      in the list.  Also, if the port creates directories for itself

	      in the list.  Also, if the port creates directories for itself

	      lines as necessary to remove them when the port is

	      lines as necessary to remove them when the port is

	      deleted.</para>

	      deleted.</para>

	  the first <makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar>.  This will prevent users

	  the first <makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar>.  This will prevent users

	  from getting <errorname>checksum mismatch</errorname> errors, and

	  from getting <errorname>checksum mismatch</errorname> errors, and

	  also reduce the workload of maintainers of our ftp site.  Also, if

	  also reduce the workload of maintainers of our ftp site.  Also, if

	  you house a backup at your site and list it as the second

	  you house a backup at your site and list it as the second

	  <makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar>.</para>

	  <makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar>.</para>

	  <note>

	  <note>

	    <para>The <replaceable>lib</replaceable> part is an argument given

	    <para>The <replaceable>lib</replaceable> part is an argument given

	      to <command>ldconfig -r | grep -wF</command>.  There shall be no

	      to <command>ldconfig -r | grep -wF</command>.  There shall be no

	  </note>

	  </note>

	  <para>The dependency is checked twice, once from within the

	  <para>The dependency is checked twice, once from within the

      <para>If your port needs to build slightly different versions of

      <para>If your port needs to build slightly different versions of

	packages by having a variable (for instance, resolution, or paper

	packages by having a variable (for instance, resolution, or paper

	size) take different values, create one subdirectory per package to

	size) take different values, create one subdirectory per package to

	files as possible between ports.  Typically you only need a very short

	files as possible between ports.  Typically you only need a very short

	<filename>Makefile</filename> in all but one of the directories if you

	<filename>Makefile</filename> in all but one of the directories if you

	use variables cleverly.  In the sole <filename>Makefiles</filename>,

	use variables cleverly.  In the sole <filename>Makefiles</filename>,

      <para>(<filename>xdvi240/Makefile</filename> and

      <para>(<filename>xdvi240/Makefile</filename> and

	<filename>xdvi400/Makefile</filename> are similar).  The

	<filename>xdvi400/Makefile</filename> are similar).  The

	<makevar>MASTERDIR</makevar> definition tells

	<makevar>MASTERDIR</makevar> definition tells

	subdirectories like <makevar>PATCHDIR</makevar> and

	subdirectories like <makevar>PATCHDIR</makevar> and

	<makevar>PKGDIR</makevar> are to be found under

	<makevar>PKGDIR</makevar> are to be found under

	<filename>xdvi300</filename>.  The <literal>RESOLUTION=118</literal>

	<filename>xdvi300</filename>.  The <literal>RESOLUTION=118</literal>

	  place that is guaranteed to be writable during the port build (see

	  place that is guaranteed to be writable during the port build (see

	  <link linkend="ports-cd">compiling ports from CDROM</link> for an

	  <link linkend="ports-cd">compiling ports from CDROM</link> for an

	  example of building ports from a read-only tree).  If you need to

	  example of building ports from a read-only tree).  If you need to

	    linkend="porting-pkgsubdir">redefining a variable</link>, not by

	    linkend="porting-pkgsubdir">redefining a variable</link>, not by

	  writing over it.</para>

	  writing over it.</para>

      </sect3>

      </sect3>

	  <command>configure</command>, do not take the diffs of

	  <command>configure</command>, do not take the diffs of

	  <command>configure</command> (it often grows to a few thousand

	  <command>configure</command> (it often grows to a few thousand

	  lines!); define <literal>USE_AUTOCONF=yes</literal> and take the

	  lines!); define <literal>USE_AUTOCONF=yes</literal> and take the

	<para>Also, if you had to delete a file, then you can do it in the

	<para>Also, if you had to delete a file, then you can do it in the

	  <maketarget>post-extract</maketarget> target rather than as part of

	  <maketarget>post-extract</maketarget> target rather than as part of

lib/X11/oneko/pixmaps/cat.xpm

lib/X11/oneko/pixmaps/cat.xpm

lib/X11/oneko/sounds/cat.au

lib/X11/oneko/sounds/cat.au

 :

 :

@dirrm lib/X11/oneko/sounds

@dirrm lib/X11/oneko/sounds

@dirrm lib/X11/oneko</programlisting>

@dirrm lib/X11/oneko</programlisting>

	<title>Categories</title>

	<title>Categories</title>

      <para>As you already know, ports are classified in several categories.

      <para>As you already know, ports are classified in several categories.

	category.</para>

	category.</para>

      <sect3>

      <sect3>

	      <row>

	      <row>

		<entry><filename>java</filename></entry>

		<entry><filename>java</filename></entry>

	      </row>

	      </row>

	      <row>

	      <row>

	<para>As many of the categories overlap, you often have to choose

	<para>As many of the categories overlap, you often have to choose

	  which of the categories should be the primary category of your port.

	  which of the categories should be the primary category of your port.

	  priorities, in decreasing order of precedence.</para>

	  priorities, in decreasing order of precedence.</para>

	<itemizedlist>

	<itemizedlist>

		  role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid>.  Do not use

		  role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid>.  Do not use

		<literal>0.0.0.0</literal> as the first argument to

		<literal>0.0.0.0</literal> as the first argument to

		<command>set ifaddr</command> as it prevents PPP from setting

		<command>set ifaddr</command> as it prevents PPP from setting

	    </listitem>

	    </listitem>

	  </varlistentry>

	  </varlistentry>

	</variablelist>

	</variablelist>

	  create an entry in <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.

	  create an entry in <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.

	  <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> is used after a connection has been

	  <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> is used after a connection has been

	  established.  At this point, <command>ppp</command> will know what

	  established.  At this point, <command>ppp</command> will know what

	<para>When you configure <command>ppp</command> to receive incoming

	<para>When you configure <command>ppp</command> to receive incoming

	  calls on a machine connected to a LAN, you must decide if you wish

	  calls on a machine connected to a LAN, you must decide if you wish

	  to forward packets to the LAN.  If you do, you should allocate the

	  to forward packets to the LAN.  If you do, you should allocate the

	  <programlisting>

	  <programlisting>

enable proxy</programlisting>

enable proxy</programlisting>

	  </sect5>

	  </sect5>

	  <sect5>

	  <sect5>

	    <para>It is possible to configure PPP to supply DNS and NetBIOS

	    <para>It is possible to configure PPP to supply DNS and NetBIOS

	      nameserver addresses on demand.</para>

	      nameserver addresses on demand.</para>

	      server addresses, and a netbios nameserver host.</para>

	      server addresses, and a netbios nameserver host.</para>

	    <para>In version 2 and above, if the <literal>set dns</literal>

	    <para>In version 2 and above, if the <literal>set dns</literal>

	      <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>

	      <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>

	  </sect5>

	  </sect5>

	</sect4>

	</sect4>

	  </listitem>

	  </listitem>

	  <listitem>

	  <listitem>

	      <link linkend="printing-lpd-alternatives">Alternatives to the

	      <link linkend="printing-lpd-alternatives">Alternatives to the

		Standard   Spooler</link> tells more about other spooling

		Standard   Spooler</link> tells more about other spooling

	      software you can substitute for LPD.</para>

	      software you can substitute for LPD.</para>

     sgml-parent-document: ("../handbook.sgml" "part" "chapter")

     sgml-parent-document: ("../handbook.sgml" "part" "chapter")

     End:

     End:

-->

-->

	trusted machine.  There is a Java S/Key <command>key</command> applet,

	trusted machine.  There is a Java S/Key <command>key</command> applet,

	<ulink URL="http://www.cs.umd.edu/~harry/jotp/src.html">The Java OTP

	<ulink URL="http://www.cs.umd.edu/~harry/jotp/src.html">The Java OTP

	  Calculator</ulink>, that you can download and run locally on any

	  Calculator</ulink>, that you can download and run locally on any

    </sect2>

    </sect2>

    <sect2>

    <sect2>

	  16-character buffer, so use 16550A's if possible).  Because

	  16-character buffer, so use 16550A's if possible).  Because

	  single-character-buffer devices require more work by the operating

	  single-character-buffer devices require more work by the operating

	  system than the 16-character-buffer devices, 16550A-based serial

	  system than the 16-character-buffer devices, 16550A-based serial

	  serial ports or will have a heavy load, 16550A-based cards are

	  serial ports or will have a heavy load, 16550A-based cards are

	  better for low-error-rate communications.</para>

	  better for low-error-rate communications.</para>

      </sect3>

      </sect3>

	  <para>If your computer complains about the error, but boots anyway,

	  <para>If your computer complains about the error, but boots anyway,

	    then you do not have to do anything special.  (One machine with a

	    then you do not have to do anything special.  (One machine with a

	      failed</errorname> then continues to boot normally.)</para>

	      failed</errorname> then continues to boot normally.)</para>

	  <para>If your computer refuses to boot without a keyboard attached

	  <para>If your computer refuses to boot without a keyboard attached

		<note>

		<note>

		  <para>Due to space constraints in the current version of the

		  <para>Due to space constraints in the current version of the

		    boot blocks, the <option>-P</option> option is capable of

		    boot blocks, the <option>-P</option> option is capable of

		    than 101 keys (and without F11 and F12  keys) may not be

		    than 101 keys (and without F11 and F12  keys) may not be

		    detected.  Keyboards on some laptop computers may not be

		    detected.  Keyboards on some laptop computers may not be

		    properly found because of this limitation.  If this is to

		    properly found because of this limitation.  If this is to

		    the <option>-P</option> option.  Unfortunately there is no

		    the <option>-P</option> option.  Unfortunately there is no

		    workaround for this problem.</para>

		    workaround for this problem.</para>

		</note>

		</note>

Keyboard: no</screen>

Keyboard: no</screen>

	  <para>The second line appears only if you put <option>-P</option> in

	  <para>The second line appears only if you put <option>-P</option> in

	    of the keyboard.  These messages go to either serial or internal

	    of the keyboard.  These messages go to either serial or internal

	    console, or both, depending on the option in

	    console, or both, depending on the option in

	    <filename>/boot.config</filename>.</para>

	    <filename>/boot.config</filename>.</para>

	  <para>At the moment, the boot loader has no option equivalent to the

	  <para>At the moment, the boot loader has no option equivalent to the

	    <option>-P</option> option in the boot block, and there is no

	    <option>-P</option> option in the boot block, and there is no

	    provision to automatically select the internal console and the

	    provision to automatically select the internal console and the

	</note>

	</note>

      </sect3>

      </sect3>