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<title>A User's Guide to FreeBSD Programming Tools</title>

<title>A User's Guide to FreeBSD Programming Tools</title>

<authorgroup>

<authorgroup>

coding in any detail. Most of the document assumes little or no

coding in any detail. Most of the document assumes little or no

previous programming knowledge, although it is hoped that most

previous programming knowledge, although it is hoped that most

programmers will find something of value in it</para></abstract>

programmers will find something of value in it</para></abstract>

<title>Introduction<anchor id=foo></title>

<title>Introduction<anchor id=foo></title>

<para>FreeBSD offers an excellent development environment. Compilers

<para>FreeBSD offers an excellent development environment. Compilers

programming, although it does assume a basic competence with using

programming, although it does assume a basic competence with using

Unix and a willingness to learn!</para>

Unix and a willingness to learn!</para>

<title>Introduction to Programming</title>

<title>Introduction to Programming</title>

<para>A program is a set of instructions that tell the computer to do

<para>A program is a set of instructions that tell the computer to do

<title>Interpreters</title>

<title>Interpreters</title>

<para>With an interpreter, the language comes as an environment, where you

<para>With an interpreter, the language comes as an environment, where you

programs that could be linked together in shell scripts to perform

programs that could be linked together in shell scripts to perform

useful tasks.</para>

useful tasks.</para>

<title>Interpreters available with FreeBSD</title>

<title>Interpreters available with FreeBSD</title>

<para>Here is a list of interpreters that are available as <ulink

<para>Here is a list of interpreters that are available as <ulink

</variablelist>

</variablelist>

</para>

</para>

<title>Compilers</title>

<title>Compilers</title>

<para>Compilers are rather different. First of all, you write your

<para>Compilers are rather different. First of all, you write your

it is possible to use Emacs for this purpose. This is discussed in

it is possible to use Emacs for this purpose. This is discussed in

<xref linkend="emacs">.</para>

<xref linkend="emacs">.</para>

</sect1>

</sect1>

<title>Compiling with <command>cc</command></title>

<title>Compiling with <command>cc</command></title>

<para>This section deals only with the GNU compiler for C and C++,

<para>This section deals only with the GNU compiler for C and C++,

</varlistentry>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</variablelist>

<title>Common <command>cc</command> Queries and Problems</title>

<title>Common <command>cc</command> Queries and Problems</title>

<para>Q. I am trying to write a program which uses the

<para>Q. I am trying to write a program which uses the

<symbol>SIGABRT</symbol>, there are several other signals which have

<symbol>SIGABRT</symbol>, there are several other signals which have

a similar effect.</para>

a similar effect.</para>

</sect1>

</sect1>

<title>Make</title>

<title>Make</title>

<title>What is <command>make</command>?</title>

<title>What is <command>make</command>?</title>

<para>When you're working on a simple program with only one or two source

<para>When you're working on a simple program with only one or two source

are often used for documentation files like

are often used for documentation files like

<filename>README</filename>.</para></footnote></para>

<filename>README</filename>.</para></footnote></para>

<title>Example of using <command>make</command></title>

<title>Example of using <command>make</command></title>

<para>Here's a very simple make file:

<para>Here's a very simple make file:

very useful here—it changes the date on a file without you

very useful here—it changes the date on a file without you

having to edit it.</para>

having to edit it.</para>

<title>FreeBSD Makefiles</title>

<title>FreeBSD Makefiles</title>

<para>Makefiles can be rather complicated to write. Fortunately,

<para>Makefiles can be rather complicated to write. Fortunately,

complicated (and if you do look at them, make sure you have a flask

complicated (and if you do look at them, make sure you have a flask

of strong coffee handy!)</para>

of strong coffee handy!)</para>

<title>More advanced uses of <command>make</command></title>

<title>More advanced uses of <command>make</command></title>

<para><command>Make</command> is a very powerful tool, and can do much

<para><command>Make</command> is a very powerful tool, and can do much

<application>Emacs</application>, do <userinput>C-h

<application>Emacs</application>, do <userinput>C-h

i</userinput>).</para>

i</userinput>).</para>

</sect1>

</sect1>

<title>Debugging</title>

<title>Debugging</title>

<title>The Debugger</title>

<title>The Debugger</title>

<para>The debugger that comes with FreeBSD is called

<para>The debugger that comes with FreeBSD is called

<command>gdb</command> and does not cover specialised topics such as

<command>gdb</command> and does not cover specialised topics such as

debugging the kernel.</para>

debugging the kernel.</para>

<title>Running a program in the debugger</title>

<title>Running a program in the debugger</title>

<para>You'll need to have compiled the program with the

<para>You'll need to have compiled the program with the

information about the arguments passed to functions and where to go

information about the arguments passed to functions and where to go

when it returns from a function call).</para></note>

when it returns from a function call).</para></note>

<title>Examining a core file</title>

<title>Examining a core file</title>

<para>A core file is basically a file which contains the complete

<para>A core file is basically a file which contains the complete

a program crashes; in this case, the <function>bazz()</function>

a program crashes; in this case, the <function>bazz()</function>

function was called from <function>main()</function>.</para>

function was called from <function>main()</function>.</para>

<title>Attaching to a running program</title>

<title>Attaching to a running program</title>

<para>One of the neatest features about <command>gdb</command> is

<para>One of the neatest features about <command>gdb</command> is

<symbol>PauseMode</symbol> to <literal>0</literal>, and

<symbol>PauseMode</symbol> to <literal>0</literal>, and

wait for the <function>sleep()</function> call to return!</para>

wait for the <function>sleep()</function> call to return!</para>

</sect1>

</sect1>

<title>Using Emacs as a Development Environment</title>

<title>Using Emacs as a Development Environment</title>

<title>Emacs</title>

<title>Emacs</title>

<para>Unfortunately, Unix systems don't come with the kind of

<para>Unfortunately, Unix systems don't come with the kind of

background, and is only really useful if you're on a system which

background, and is only really useful if you're on a system which

doesn't have virtual terminals).</para>

doesn't have virtual terminals).</para>

<title>Configuring Emacs</title>

<title>Configuring Emacs</title>

<para>Emacs does many wonderful things; some of them are built in,

<para>Emacs does many wonderful things; some of them are built in,

it's already running; it will read the commands from the file and

it's already running; it will read the commands from the file and

(hopefully) give you a useful basic setup.</para>

(hopefully) give you a useful basic setup.</para>

<title>A sample <filename>.emacs</filename> file</title>

<title>A sample <filename>.emacs</filename> file</title>

<para>Unfortunately, there's far too much here to explain it in detail;

<para>Unfortunately, there's far too much here to explain it in detail;

</screen>

</screen>

</example>

</example>

<title>Extending the Range of Languages Emacs Understands</title>

<title>Extending the Range of Languages Emacs Understands</title>

<para>Now, this is all very well if you only want to program in the

<para>Now, this is all very well if you only want to program in the

<function>my-scheme-mode-hook</function> for a simple example that

<function>my-scheme-mode-hook</function> for a simple example that

adds <function>auto-indent</function>).</para>

adds <function>auto-indent</function>).</para>

</sect1>

</sect1>

<title>Further Reading</title>

<title>Further Reading</title>

<itemizedlist>

<itemizedlist>

</itemizedlist>

</itemizedlist>