$FreeBSD: doc/zh_TW.Big5/books/developers-handbook/introduction/chapter.sgml,v 1.1 2006/06/17 10:22:43 vanilla Exp $

     $FreeBSD$

     Original revision: 1.18

  <title>Introduction</title>

  <title>²¤¶</title>

    <title>Developing on FreeBSD</title>

    <title>¦b FreeBSD ¶}µoµ{¦¡</title>

    <para>¦n¤F§Ú­Ì¶}©l§a¡I§Ú·Q§Aªº FreeBSD ¤w¸g¦w¸Ë¦n¤F¡A¦Ó¥B¤w¸g·Ç³Æ¦n­n¥Î¥¦¼gÂIµ{¦¡¤F§a¡H

    <para>So here we are.  System all installed and you are ready to

      ¦ý¬O­n±q­þ¸Ì¶}©l©O¡H&os; ¦³´£¨Ñ¼gµ{¦¡ªºµ{¦¡©ÎÀô¹Ò¶Ü¡H

      start programming.  But where to start?  What does FreeBSD

      ¨­¬° programer ªº§Ú¥i¥H°µ¤°»ò©O¡H</para>

      provide?  What can it do for me, as a programmer?</para>

    <para>¥»³¹¸ÕµÛ¦^µª§A¤@¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A·íµM¡A³æ´N programming µ{«×¨Ó»¡¥i¤À«Ü¦hºØ¼h¦¸¡A

    <para>These are some questions which this chapter tries to answer.

      ¦³ªº¤H¥u¬O³æ¯Â·í¿³½ì¡A¦³ªº«h¬O¥Lªº±M·~¡A

      Of course, programming has different levels of proficiency like

      ¥»³¹¥D­n¤º®e¬O°w¹ïµ{¦¡ªì¾ÇªÌ¡A

      any other trade.  For some it is a hobby, for others it is their

      ·íµM¡A¹ï©ó¨º¨Ç¤£¼ô &os; ªºµ{¦¡¶}µoªÌ¦Ó¨¥¡A¥»¤å¥ó¤º®e¤]¬O¤Q¤À¹ê¥Îªº¡C</para>

      profession.  The information in this chapter might be aimed

      toward the beginning programmer; indeed, it could serve useful

      for the programmer unfamiliar with the &os; platform.</para>

    <para>To produce the best &unix; like operating system package

    <para>¬°¤FÅý§A¼g¥X¨Óªºµ{¦¡¦b &unix; like¨t²Î¤W¨ã¦³¨}¦nªº¨Ï¥Î©Ê¡B®Ä¯à©Mí©w©Ê¡A

      possible, with due respect to the original software tools

      §Ú­Ì¥²¶·¸ò§A¤¶²Ð¤@¨Çµ{¦¡·§©À(original software tools ideology)¡C </para>

      ideology as well as usability, performance and

      stability.</para>

    <title>Architectural Guidelines</title>

    <title>µ{¦¡¬[ºc«ü«n</title>

    <para>Our ideology can be described by the following

    <para>§Ú­Ì·Q¤¶²Ðªº·§©À¦p¤U</para>

    guidelines</para>

      <listitem><para>Do not add new functionality unless an

      <listitem><para>¦b¾ã­Óµ{¦¡ÁÙ¨S¼g§¹«e¡A¤£­n¼W¥[·sªº¥\¯à¡C</para></listitem>

        implementor cannot complete a real application without

        it.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>¥t¥~¤@­Ó­«ÂI´N¬O¡AÅý§A¦Û¤v¿ï¾Ü§Aªºµ{¦¡±N·|¨ã¦³¦óºØ¥\¯à¡A

        ¦Ó¤£¬OÅý§O¤H¨M©w¡A¤£·Q­n¥hº¡¨¬¥þ¥@¬Éªº»Ý¨D¡A°£«D§A·QÅý§Aªºµ{¦¡¨ã¦³ÂX¥R©Ê©Î¬Û®e©Ê¡C</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>It is as important to decide what a system is

        not as to decide what it is. Do not serve all the world's

      <listitem><para>¤d¸U°O¦í¡G¦b¨S¦³¬ÛÃö¸gÅç®É¡A°Ñ¦Ò½d¨Òµ{¦¡½X©Ò¼g¥X¨Óªºµ{¦¡¡A

        needs; rather, make the system extensible so that additional

        ·|¤ñ¦Û¤v¾ÌªÅ¼g¥X¨Óªº¦n¡C</para></listitem>

        needs can be met in an upwardly compatible

        fashion.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>·í§A¼gªºµ{¦¡¨S¿ìªk§¹¥þ¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD®É¡A³Ì¦nªº¤èªk´N¬O¤£­n¸ÕµÛ­n¥h¸Ñ¨M¥¦¡C</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>The only thing worse than generalizing from one

      <listitem><para>­Y¥Î 10% ªº¤ß¤O´N¯à»´ÃP§¹¦¨ 90% ªº¤u§@¥÷¶q¡A´N¥Î³o­Ó²³æªk¤l§a¡C</para></listitem>

        example is generalizing from no examples at

        all. </para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>ºÉ¥i¯à¦a²¤Æ°ÝÃDªº½ÆÂø¡C</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>If a problem is not completely understood, it is

      <listitem><para>´£¨Ñ¾÷¨î(mechanism)¡A¦Ó«D­ì«h(policy)¡C

        probably best to provide no solution at all.</para></listitem>

        ¤ñ¤è»¡¡A§â¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤¶­±¿ï¾ÜÅv¥æ¥Ñ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨Ó¨M©w¡C</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>If you can get 90 percent of the desired effect

        for 10 percent of the work, use the simpler

        solution.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>Isolate complexity as much as

        possible.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>Provide mechanism, rather than policy. In

        particular, place user interface policy in the client's

        hands.</para></listitem>

     <para>From Scheifler & Gettys: "X Window System"</para>

     <para>¥H¤WºK¦Û Scheifler & Gettys ªº "X Window System" ½×¤å</para>

    <title>The Layout of 

    <title><filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename> ªº¬[ºc</title>

      <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename></title>

    <para>The complete source code to FreeBSD is available from our

    <para>

      public CVS repository.  The source code is normally installed in

      §¹¾ãªº FreeBSD ­ì©l½X³£¦b¤½¶}ªº CVS repository ¤¤¡C

      <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename> which contains the

      ³q±` FreeBSD ­ì©l½X³£·|¸Ë¦b <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename>¡A

      following subdirectories:</para>

      ¦Ó¥B¥]§t¤U¦C¤l¥Ø¿ý¡G

    </para>