Bug 237588

Summary: [fusefs] data corruption when mixing normal writes and mmap writes with Write-through cache mode
Product: Base System Reporter: Alan Somers <asomers>
Component: kernAssignee: Alan Somers <asomers>
Status: Closed FIXED    
Severity: Affects Many People CC: cem
Priority: --- Flags: asomers: mfc-stable12+
Version: CURRENT   
Hardware: Any   
OS: Any   

Description Alan Somers freebsd_committer freebsd_triage 2019-04-26 20:47:59 UTC
fusefs supports three cache modes: uncached, write-through, and writeback.  Write-through is the default.  However, as currently implemented it's more like "write-around" than true "write-through".  That is, writes go directly to the fuse daemon and invalidate the cache, rather than fill it.

This is merely a performance bug when using normal writes (write(2), pwrite(2), aio_write(2), etc).  But when mixing normal writes with mmap()'ed writes, it causes data corruption.  The sequence goes like this:
1) A process mmaps a fusefs file
2) That process writes some data, but does not msync() it.
3) A process writes directly, such as with write(2) to a region of the file that overlaps what was written in step 2.  fusefs invalidates all cached pages that were part of the write.
4) If any bytes were written by step 2 and invalidated but not written by step 3, then they will be lost.

Steps to reproduce:
==================
1) Build the passthrough example from sysutils/libfuse and fsx from tools/regression/fsx
2) mkdir -p /tmp/mnt
3) /path/to/libfuse/build/example/passthrough -d /tmp/mnt
4) /path/to/fsx/fsx -P /tmp -S1333 -b5 -N 15 -U fsx.bin
Comment 1 Alan Somers freebsd_committer freebsd_triage 2019-04-26 20:49:16 UTC
The best solution would probably be to implement true write-through caching.  Here's cem's notes on the subject:

For WT, you'd want to go back to the biobackend for writes, but be
sure they are flushed synchronously with the VOP_WRITE, and probably
in-order.  A simple way to do that would be to bwrite() each buf as we
go.  That makes for a lot of serialized IPC latency, though.  With our
fairly large buf block size (and we pick the maximum — 64kB by default
on amd64 GENERIC), it may not be awful.  But it probably isn't great,
either.

It might be worthwhile to use bawrite() / bufwrite + O_ASYNC
(immediate, but async completion writes) to at least pipeline multiple
bufs at a time.  We would want to hook b_iodone to override the
default bufdone() handling of async buf writes.  We would also want to
wait for all async writes we issued to complete before returning.  I'm
not sure how we would handle signals.  If /any/ buf write fails, we
would return failure (or short write) depending on if it was the first
buf or not.  We probably want to evict cache contents of any buf write
that fails, and probably also any after it (userspace can't know those
were written, and will likely try to rewrite them anyway).

The next step performance wise beyond bawrite pipelining is attempting
to do delayed (bdwrite) / clustered (vfs_bio_awrite) writes, but I
don't think the locking works there such that we can reliably do that
without allowing dirty data caching, so maybe that's pending 7.23.
Comment 2 commit-hook freebsd_committer freebsd_triage 2019-06-14 19:48:20 UTC
A commit references this bug:

Author: asomers
Date: Fri Jun 14 19:47:49 UTC 2019
New revision: 349038
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/349038

Log:
  fusefs: fix the "write-through" of write-through cacheing

  Our fusefs(5) module supports three cache modes: uncached, write-through,
  and write-back.  However, the write-through mode (which is the default) has
  never actually worked as its name suggests.  Rather, it's always been more
  like "write-around".  It wrote directly, bypassing the cache.  The cache
  would only be populated by a subsequent read of the same data.

  This commit fixes that problem.  Now the write-through mode works as one
  would expect: write(2) immediately adds data to the cache and then blocks
  while the daemon processes the write operation.

  A side effect of this change is that non-cache-block-aligned writes will now
  incur a read-modify-write cycle of the cache block.  The old behavior
  (bypassing write cache entirely) can still be achieved by opening a file
  with O_DIRECT.

  PR:		237588
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation

Changes:
  projects/fuse2/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_io.c
  projects/fuse2/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/write.cc
Comment 3 commit-hook freebsd_committer freebsd_triage 2019-08-07 00:40:20 UTC
A commit references this bug:

Author: asomers
Date: Wed Aug  7 00:38:31 UTC 2019
New revision: 350665
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/350665

Log:
  fusefs: merge from projects/fuse2

  This commit imports the new fusefs driver. It raises the protocol level
  from 7.8 to 7.23, fixes many bugs, adds a test suite for the driver, and
  adds many new features. New features include:

  * Optional kernel-side permissions checks (-o default_permissions)
  * Implement VOP_MKNOD, VOP_BMAP, and VOP_ADVLOCK
  * Allow interrupting FUSE operations
  * Support named pipes and unix-domain sockets in fusefs file systems
  * Forward UTIME_NOW during utimensat(2) to the daemon
  * kqueue support for /dev/fuse
  * Allow updating mounts with "mount -u"
  * Allow exporting fusefs file systems over NFS
  * Server-initiated invalidation of the name cache or data cache
  * Respect RLIMIT_FSIZE
  * Try to support servers as old as protocol 7.4

  Performance enhancements include:

  * Implement FUSE's FOPEN_KEEP_CACHE and FUSE_ASYNC_READ flags
  * Cache file attributes
  * Cache lookup entries, both positive and negative
  * Server-selectable cache modes: writethrough, writeback, or uncached
  * Write clustering
  * Readahead
  * Use counter(9) for statistical reporting

  PR:		199934 216391 233783 234581 235773 235774 235775
  PR:		236226 236231 236236 236291 236329 236381 236405
  PR:		236327 236466 236472 236473 236474 236530 236557
  PR:		236560 236844 237052 237181 237588 238565
  Reviewed by:	bcr (man pages)
  Reviewed by:	cem, ngie, rpokala, glebius, kib, bde, emaste (post-commit
  		review on project branch)
  MFC after:	3 weeks
  Relnotes:	yes
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
  Pull Request:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21110

Changes:
_U  head/
  head/MAINTAINERS
  head/UPDATING
  head/etc/mtree/BSD.tests.dist
  head/sbin/mount_fusefs/mount_fusefs.8
  head/sbin/mount_fusefs/mount_fusefs.c
  head/share/man/man5/fusefs.5
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse.h
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_device.c
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_file.c
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_file.h
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_internal.c
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_internal.h
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_io.c
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_io.h
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_ipc.c
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_ipc.h
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_kernel.h
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_main.c
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_node.c
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_node.h
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_param.h
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_vfsops.c
  head/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_vnops.c
  head/sys/sys/param.h
  head/tests/sys/fs/Makefile
  head/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/
Comment 4 commit-hook freebsd_committer freebsd_triage 2019-09-15 04:16:11 UTC
A commit references this bug:

Author: asomers
Date: Sun Sep 15 04:14:37 UTC 2019
New revision: 352351
URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/352351

Log:
  MFC the new fusefs driver

  MFC r350665, r350990, r350992, r351039, r351042, r351061, r351066, r351113, r351560, r351961, r351963, r352021, r352025, r352230

  r350665:
  fusefs: merge from projects/fuse2

  This commit imports the new fusefs driver. It raises the protocol level
  from 7.8 to 7.23, fixes many bugs, adds a test suite for the driver, and
  adds many new features. New features include:

  * Optional kernel-side permissions checks (-o default_permissions)
  * Implement VOP_MKNOD, VOP_BMAP, and VOP_ADVLOCK
  * Allow interrupting FUSE operations
  * Support named pipes and unix-domain sockets in fusefs file systems
  * Forward UTIME_NOW during utimensat(2) to the daemon
  * kqueue support for /dev/fuse
  * Allow updating mounts with "mount -u"
  * Allow exporting fusefs file systems over NFS
  * Server-initiated invalidation of the name cache or data cache
  * Respect RLIMIT_FSIZE
  * Try to support servers as old as protocol 7.4

  Performance enhancements include:

  * Implement FUSE's FOPEN_KEEP_CACHE and FUSE_ASYNC_READ flags
  * Cache file attributes
  * Cache lookup entries, both positive and negative
  * Server-selectable cache modes: writethrough, writeback, or uncached
  * Write clustering
  * Readahead
  * Use counter(9) for statistical reporting

  PR:		199934 216391 233783 234581 235773 235774 235775
  PR:		236226 236231 236236 236291 236329 236381 236405
  PR:		236327 236466 236472 236473 236474 236530 236557
  PR:		236560 236844 237052 237181 237588 238565
  Reviewed by:	bcr (man pages)
  Reviewed by:	cem, ngie, rpokala, glebius, kib, bde, emaste (post-commit
  		review on project branch)
  Relnotes:	yes
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
  Pull Request:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21110

  r350990:
  fusefs: add SVN Keywords to the test files

  Reported by:	SVN pre-commit hooks
  MFC-With:	r350665
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation

  r350992:
  fusefs: skip some tests when unsafe aio is disabled

  MFC-With:       r350665
  Sponsored by:   The FreeBSD Foundation

  r351039:
  fusefs: fix intermittency in the default_permissions.Unlink.ok test

  The test needs to expect a FUSE_FORGET operation. Most of the time the test
  would pass anyway, because by chance FUSE_FORGET would arrive after the
  unmount.

  MFC-With:	350665
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation

  r351042:
  fusefs: Fix the size of fuse_getattr_in

  In FUSE protocol 7.9, the size of the FUSE_GETATTR request has increased.
  However, the fusefs driver is currently not sending the additional fields.
  In our implementation, the additional fields are always zero, so I there
  haven't been any test failures until now.  But fusefs-lkl requires the
  request's length to be correct.

  Fix this bug, and also enhance the test suite to catch similar bugs.

  PR:		239830
  MFC-With:	350665
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation

  r351061:
  fusefs: fix the 32-bit build after 351042

  Reported by:	jhb
  MFC-With:	351042
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation

  r351066:
  fusefs: fix conditional from r351061

  The entirety of r351061 was a copy/paste error.  I'm sorry I've been
  comitting so hastily.

  Reported by:	rpokala
  Reviewed by:	rpokala
  MFC-With:	351061
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
  Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21265

  r351113:
  fusefs: don't send the namespace during listextattr

  The FUSE_LISTXATTR operation always returns the full list of a file's
  extended attributes, in all namespaces. There's no way to filter the list
  server-side. However, currently FreeBSD's fusefs driver sends a namespace
  string with the FUSE_LISTXATTR request. That behavior was probably copied
  from fuse_vnop_getextattr, which has an attribute name argument. It's
  been there ever since extended attribute support was added in r324620. This
  commit removes it.

  Reviewed by:	cem
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
  Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21280

  r351560:
  fusefs: Fix some bugs regarding the size of the LISTXATTR list

  * A small error in r338152 let to the returned size always being exactly
    eight bytes too large.

  * The FUSE_LISTXATTR operation works like Linux's listxattr(2): if the
    caller does not provide enough space, then the server should return ERANGE
    rather than return a truncated list.  That's true even though in FUSE's
    case the kernel doesn't provide space to the client at all; it simply
    requests a maximum size for the list.  We previously weren't handling the
    case where the server returns ERANGE even though the kernel requested as
    much size as the server had told us it needs; that can happen due to a
    race.

  * We also need to ensure that a pathological server that always returns
    ERANGE no matter what size we request in FUSE_LISTXATTR won't cause an
    infinite loop in the kernel.  As of this commit, it will instead cause an
    infinite loop that exits and enters the kernel on each iteration, allowing
    signals to be processed.

  Reviewed by:	cem
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
  Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21287

  r351961:
  Coverity fixes in fusefs(5)

  CID 1404532 fixes a signed vs unsigned comparison error in fuse_vnop_bmap.
  It could potentially have resulted in VOP_BMAP reporting too many
  consecutive blocks.

  CID 1404364 is much worse. It was an array access by an untrusted,
  user-provided variable. It could potentially have resulted in a malicious
  file system crashing the kernel or worse.

  Reported by:	Coverity
  Reviewed by:	emaste
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
  Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21466

  r351963:
  fusefs: coverity cleanup in the tests

  Address the following defects reported by Coverity:

  * Structurally dead code (CID 1404366): set m_quit before FAIL, not after

  * Unchecked return value of sysctlbyname (CID 1404321)

  * Unchecked return value of stat(2) (CID 1404471)

  * Unchecked return value of open(2) (CID 1404402, 1404529)

  * Unchecked return value of dup(2) (CID 1404478)

  * Buffer overflows. These are all false positives caused by the fact that
    Coverity thinks I'm using a buffer to store strings, when in fact I'm
    really just using it to store a byte array that happens to be initialized
    with a string. I'm changing the type from char to uint8_t in the hopes
    that it will placate Coverity. (CID 1404338, 1404350, 1404367, 1404376,
    1404379, 1404381, 1404388, 1404403, 1404425, 1404433, 1404434, 1404474,
    1404480, 1404484, 1404503, 1404505)

  * False positive file descriptor leak. I'm going to try to fix this with
    Coverity modeling, but I'll also change an EXPECT to ASSERT so we don't
    perform meaningless assertions after the failure. (CID 1404320, 1404324,
    1404440, 1404445).

  * Unannotated file descriptor leak. This will be followed up by a Coverity
    modeling change. (CID 1404326, 1404334, 1404336, 1404357, 1404361,
    1404372, 1404391, 1404395, 1404409, 1404430, 1404448, 1404451, 1404455,
    1404457, 1404458, 1404460)

  * Uninitialized variables in C++ constructors (CID 1404327, 1404346). In the
    case of m_maxphys, this actually led to part of the FUSE_INIT's response
    being set to stack garbage during the WriteCluster::clustering test.

  * Uninitialized sun_len field in struct sockaddr_un (CID 1404330, 1404371,
    1404429).

  Reported by:	Coverity
  Reviewed by:	emaste
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
  Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21457

  r352021:
  fusefs: suppress some Coverity resource leak CIDs in the tests

  The fusefs tests deliberately leak file descriptors.  To do otherwise would
  add extra complications to the tests' mock FUSE server.  This annotation
  should hopefully convince Coverity to shut up about the leaks.

  Reviewed by:	uqs
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation

  r352025:
  mount_fusefs: fix a segfault on memory allocation failure

  Reported by:	Coverity
  Coverity CID:	1354188
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation

  r352230:
  fusefs: Fix iosize for FUSE_WRITE in 7.8 compat mode

  When communicating with a FUSE server that implements version 7.8 (or older)
  of the FUSE protocol, the FUSE_WRITE request structure is 16 bytes shorter
  than normal. The protocol version check wasn't applied universally, leading
  to an extra 16 bytes being sent to such servers. The extra bytes were
  allocated and bzero()d, so there was no information disclosure.

  Reviewed by:	emaste
  MFC-With:	r350665
  Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
  Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21557

Changes:
_U  stable/12/
  stable/12/MAINTAINERS
  stable/12/UPDATING
  stable/12/etc/mtree/BSD.tests.dist
  stable/12/sbin/mount_fusefs/mount_fusefs.8
  stable/12/sbin/mount_fusefs/mount_fusefs.c
  stable/12/share/man/man5/fusefs.5
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse.h
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_device.c
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_file.c
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_file.h
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_internal.c
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_internal.h
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_io.c
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_io.h
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_ipc.c
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_ipc.h
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_kernel.h
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_main.c
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_node.c
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_node.h
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_param.h
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_vfsops.c
  stable/12/sys/fs/fuse/fuse_vnops.c
  stable/12/sys/sys/param.h
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/Makefile
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/access.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/allow_other.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/bmap.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/create.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/default_permissions.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/default_permissions_privileged.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/destroy.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/dev_fuse_poll.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/fifo.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/flush.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/forget.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/fsync.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/fsyncdir.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/getattr.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/interrupt.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/io.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/link.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/locks.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/lookup.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/mkdir.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/mknod.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/mockfs.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/mockfs.hh
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/mount.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/nfs.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/notify.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/open.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/opendir.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/read.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/readdir.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/readlink.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/release.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/releasedir.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/rename.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/rmdir.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/setattr.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/statfs.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/symlink.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/unlink.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/utils.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/utils.hh
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/write.cc
  stable/12/tests/sys/fs/fusefs/xattr.cc