The driver may sleep under a mutex, and the function call path is: xl_resume [acquire the mutex] xl_init_locked xl_list_rx_init bus_dmamap_create(BUS_DMA_WAITOK) --> may sleep The possible fix of this bug is to replace the "BUS_DMA_WAITOK" in bus_dmamap_create with "BUS_DMA_NOWAIT". This bug is found by a static analysis tool written by myself, and it is checked by my review of the FreeBSD code.