See https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2025-November/009500.html for background. To reproduce, set debug.link_elf_leak_locals=0 debug.link_elf_obj_leak_locals=0 then # kldload qat.ko link_elf_obj: symbol M_QAT undefined linker_load_file: /boot/kernel/qat_api.ko - unsupported file type The module's Makefile should have an EXPORT_SYMS= line that lists all of the symbols to be intentionally exported. Another option is to just set EXPORT_SYMS=YES. An explicit export list is preferred over EXPORT_SYMS=YES, unless we explicitly want all symbols exported.
Changes available here: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D54107